{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4368405340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1701089a","title":"HOW AL-QAEDA AND ISIS EMPLOYED MEDIA? A COMPARATIVE STUDY","display_name":"HOW AL-QAEDA AND ISIS EMPLOYED MEDIA? A COMPARATIVE STUDY","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4368405340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1701089a"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54561/prj1701089a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1701089a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1701089a","pdf_url":"http://www.politicsandreligionjournal.com/index.php/prj/article/download/430/460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764914602","display_name":"POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL","issn_l":"1820-6581","issn":["1820-6581","1820-659X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.politicsandreligionjournal.com/index.php/prj/article/download/430/460","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074724461","display_name":"Aiman Abboushi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiman Abboushi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018396766","display_name":"Sharifah Hayaati Syed Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1729-7632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1729-7632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharifah Hayaati Syed Ismail al-Qudsy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1729-7632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026833514","display_name":"Amer Abdulwahab","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amer Abdulwahab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaya University, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaya University, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05599947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"89","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12550","display_name":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13947","display_name":"Media Discourse and Social  Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al-qaeda","display_name":"al-Qaeda","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-state-of-iraq-and-syria","display_name":"Islamic State of Iraq and Syria","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorist-propaganda","display_name":"terrorist propaganda","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jihadist-media","display_name":"jihadist media","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jihadist-ideology","display_name":"jihadist ideology","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grievances","display_name":"grievances","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recruitment","display_name":"recruitment","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-terrorism","display_name":"comparative terrorism","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.8504528999328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.7273167967796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.572165846824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.533114492893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5204139351844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.500910758972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4880772829055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.4842040538787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993612524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34490","display_name":"Al qaeda","level":3,"score":0.42498451471328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4172496795654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.37959644198417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.19956165552139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.19477194547653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13168805837631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54561/prj1701089a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1701089a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1701089a","pdf_url":"http://www.politicsandreligionjournal.com/index.php/prj/article/download/430/460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764914602","display_name":"POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL","issn_l":"1820-6581","issn":["1820-6581","1820-659X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.54561/prj1701089a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1701089a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1701089a","pdf_url":"http://www.politicsandreligionjournal.com/index.php/prj/article/download/430/460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764914602","display_name":"POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL","issn_l":"1820-6581","issn":["1820-6581","1820-659X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4368405340.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4368405340.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162057864","https://openalex.org/W2032535557","https://openalex.org/W2070175549","https://openalex.org/W2159061690","https://openalex.org/W2603188310","https://openalex.org/W2947516805","https://openalex.org/W4234066824","https://openalex.org/W4402102565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251058418","https://openalex.org/W2963162409","https://openalex.org/W6987913822","https://openalex.org/W2289809421","https://openalex.org/W2989661903","https://openalex.org/W843762697","https://openalex.org/W3033980477","https://openalex.org/W4378224171","https://openalex.org/W3119059295","https://openalex.org/W4240301538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terrorist":[0],"movements":[1],"express":[2],"their":[3,159,168],"discourse":[4,44],"through":[5],"messages,":[6],"which":[7,57,72],"they":[8,146],"are":[9,25],"keen":[10],"to":[11,52,157,161],"send":[12],"a":[13,63,75,119],"specific":[14],"state":[15],"or":[16,18],"people":[17],"the":[19,27,43,49,81,86,124,128],"whole":[20],"world.":[21],"However,":[22],"terrorist":[23,36],"blasts":[24],"not":[26,140],"only":[28],"message,":[29],"but":[30],"rather":[31],"ideological":[32],"reasoning":[33],"accompanies":[34],"every":[35],"act.":[37],"This":[38,116],"was":[39,118],"clearly":[40],"observable":[41],"in":[42,68,123],"of":[45,78,83,89,95,104,121,127,136],"Al-Qa\u2019eda,":[46],"especially":[47],"as":[48,145],"group":[50],"tried":[51],"rely":[53],"on":[54,109],"considerable":[55],"grievances":[56,156],"cannot":[58],"be":[59,141],"denied.":[60],"Al-Qa\u2019eda":[61],"has":[62,113],"wide":[64],"and":[65,70,91,98,154,164],"accumulated":[66],"experience":[67],"turns":[69],"events,":[71],"make":[73],"it":[74,101,131],"phenomenon":[76],"worthy":[77],"study.":[79],"With":[80],"development":[82],"Al-Qa\u2019eda\u2019s":[84],"experience,":[85],"Islamic":[87],"State":[88],"Iraq":[90],"Syria\u2019s":[92],"power,":[93],"speed":[94],"spread,":[96],"ascendancy":[97],"brutality":[99],"since":[100],"took":[102],"control":[103],"Mosul":[105],"without":[106],"noticeable":[107],"resistance":[108],"June":[110],"20,":[111],"2013":[112],"been":[114],"remarkable.":[115],"moment":[117],"point":[120],"transformation":[122],"media\u2019s":[125],"view":[126],"organization.":[129],"And":[130],"becomes":[132],"clear":[133],"that":[134],"any":[135],"both":[137],"organizations":[138],"will":[139],"sustainable":[142],"so":[143],"long":[144],"lack":[147,155],"justifications":[148],"considered":[149],"reasonable":[150],"by":[151],"outside":[152],"observers":[153],"push":[158],"soldiers":[160],"recruit":[162],"youth":[163],"convince":[165],"them":[166],"with":[167],"media":[169],"arguments.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-05-05T00:00:00"}
