{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4368366559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173","title":"Challenges faced by ESL in-service teachers enrolled in a teacher education programme via open distance learning in Malaysia","display_name":"Challenges faced by ESL in-service teachers enrolled in a teacher education programme via open distance learning in Malaysia","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4368366559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173","pdf_url":"https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/AAOUJ-12-2022-0173/full/pdf?title=challenges-faced-by-esl-in-service-teachers-enrolled-in-a-teacher-education-programme-via-open-distance-learning-in-malaysia","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167697","display_name":"AAOU Journal/AAOU journal","issn_l":"1858-3431","issn":["1858-3431","2414-6994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Association of Open Universities Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/AAOUJ-12-2022-0173/full/pdf?title=challenges-faced-by-esl-in-service-teachers-enrolled-in-a-teacher-education-programme-via-open-distance-learning-in-malaysia","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036066839","display_name":"Li Hsien Ooi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1201-9572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1201-9572"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204405542","display_name":"Wawasan Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/02weg9v26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204405542"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Hsien Ooi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, Wawasan Open University, Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, Wawasan Open University, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204405542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015139226","display_name":"Juliana Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-099X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-099X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliana Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Literacy and Language, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Literacy and Language, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036066839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204405542"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4281,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.842626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"121","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.7074999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.7074999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14241","display_name":"Evasion and Academic Success Factors","score":0.061799999326467514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12345","display_name":"Adult and Continuing Education Topics","score":0.04309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-service-teachers","display_name":"in-service teachers","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esl-teachers","display_name":"ESL teachers","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-and-distance-learning","display_name":"open and distance learning","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-attrition","display_name":"student attrition","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-retention","display_name":"student retention","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-hardship","display_name":"financial hardship","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-commitment","display_name":"work commitment","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-sacrifice","display_name":"family sacrifice","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-stress","display_name":"emotional stress","score":0.996999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.693220317363739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.6623005270957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684868","display_name":"Attrition","level":2,"score":0.5956262350082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.4989347457885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.49636369943618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994286222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9166713","display_name":"Tertiary institution","level":2,"score":0.48251792788505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4755537211894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.4400777220726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.43257689476013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4250723719596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.413437157869339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4029029607772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.37208110094070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.31175684928894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18146327137947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17890053987503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.136141836643219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.08681195974349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173","pdf_url":"https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/AAOUJ-12-2022-0173/full/pdf?title=challenges-faced-by-esl-in-service-teachers-enrolled-in-a-teacher-education-programme-via-open-distance-learning-in-malaysia","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167697","display_name":"AAOU Journal/AAOU journal","issn_l":"1858-3431","issn":["1858-3431","2414-6994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Association of Open Universities Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b0516760dadb466793aad0689a645b6e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b0516760dadb466793aad0689a645b6e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AAOU Journal, Vol 18, Iss 2, Pp 121-131 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-12-2022-0173","pdf_url":"https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/AAOUJ-12-2022-0173/full/pdf?title=challenges-faced-by-esl-in-service-teachers-enrolled-in-a-teacher-education-programme-via-open-distance-learning-in-malaysia","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167697","display_name":"AAOU Journal/AAOU journal","issn_l":"1858-3431","issn":["1858-3431","2414-6994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Association of Open Universities Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4368366559.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4368366559.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1775522867","https://openalex.org/W2269829170","https://openalex.org/W2920407843","https://openalex.org/W2965350852","https://openalex.org/W2970558181","https://openalex.org/W2980891379","https://openalex.org/W2994650547","https://openalex.org/W3027497720","https://openalex.org/W3125397203","https://openalex.org/W4309002117","https://openalex.org/W4388442807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409616128","https://openalex.org/W4312985440","https://openalex.org/W4407615063","https://openalex.org/W2942800233","https://openalex.org/W2804249272","https://openalex.org/W2965163795","https://openalex.org/W2611692763","https://openalex.org/W2787927252","https://openalex.org/W2894712632","https://openalex.org/W3153851138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,138],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,28,56,90,227],"this":[4,107],"study":[5,102,108,184,208],"was":[6,104,170],"to":[7,47,62,81,188,191,195,198,237,249],"examine":[8],"the":[9,41,53,72,183,217],"challenges":[10,78,148,218],"experienced":[11,219],"by":[12,149,177,220],"in-service":[13,34,116,151,221],"English":[14,127],"as":[15,58,64,128,175,212],"a":[16,85,100,129,173,213],"Second":[17,130],"Language":[18,131],"(ESL)":[19],"teachers":[20,36,65,118,223],"in":[21,31,106,123,142,203,224,230],"an":[22,124],"open":[23],"distance":[24],"learning":[25,30,92,229],"(ODL)":[26],"institution":[27,226],"higher":[29,91,228],"Malaysia.":[32,231],"Many":[33],"ESL":[35,117,152,222],"who":[37,119],"do":[38],"not":[39,171],"have":[40],"necessary":[42],"teaching":[43,50,69],"qualifications":[44,51,70],"are":[45,120,235],"seeking":[46],"obtain":[48],"their":[49,68,245,251],"via":[52,135],"ODL":[54,88,189,196,204,225,240],"mode":[55],"studies":[57,234],"it":[59],"allows":[60],"them":[61],"work":[63,158],"while":[66],"obtaining":[67],"at":[71],"same":[73],"time.":[74],"They":[75],"face":[76],"multiple":[77],"which":[79],"lead":[80],"high":[82],"attrition":[83],"rates,":[84],"concern":[86],"for":[87],"institutions":[89,190,241],"worldwide.":[93],"Design/methodology/approach":[94],"A":[95],"qualitative":[96],"research":[97,139],"design":[98],"using":[99],"case":[101],"approach":[103],"used":[105],"where":[109],"in-depth":[110,233],"interviews":[111],"were":[112],"conducted":[113,134],"with":[114],"four":[115,146],"currently":[121],"enrolled":[122],"undergraduate":[125],"Teaching":[126],"(TESL)":[132],"programme":[133,247],"ODL.":[136],"Findings":[137,144,181],"is":[140],"exploratory":[141],"nature.":[143],"highlighted":[145],"major":[147],"these":[150],"teachers:":[153],"(1)":[154],"financial":[155],"difficulties,":[156],"(2)":[157],"commitments,":[159],"(3)":[160],"family":[161],"sacrifices":[162],"and":[163],"(4)":[164],"emotional":[165],"stress.":[166],"However,":[167],"technological":[168],"use":[169],"considered":[172,211],"challenge":[174],"mentioned":[176],"literature.":[178],"Practical":[179],"implications":[180],"from":[182],"may":[185,209],"be":[186,210],"useful":[187],"provide":[192],"relevant":[193],"support":[194,244],"students":[197,248],"improve":[199],"student":[200],"retention":[201],"rates":[202],"institutions.":[205],"Originality/value":[206],"This":[207],"baseline":[214],"analysis":[215],"on":[216],"Further":[232],"needed":[236],"understand":[238],"how":[239],"can":[242],"better":[243],"education":[246,253],"complete":[250],"teacher":[252],"programmes.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-05-05T00:00:00"}