{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367677935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","title":"Practicality analysis of utilizing text-based CAPTCHA vs. graphic-based CAPTCHA authentication","display_name":"Practicality analysis of utilizing text-based CAPTCHA vs. graphic-based CAPTCHA authentication","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367677935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37362651","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10152023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078148615","display_name":"Adnan Gutub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0923-202X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0923-202X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Gutub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0923-202X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015995598","display_name":"Nafisah Kheshaifaty","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nafisah Kheshaifaty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078148615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":4.5456,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94626501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"82","issue":"30","first_page":"46577","last_page":"46609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captcha","display_name":"CAPTCHA","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-based-captcha","display_name":"text-based CAPTCHA","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-computer-interaction","display_name":"human-computer interaction","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/person-verification","display_name":"human verification","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-preferences","display_name":"cultural preferences","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practicality","display_name":"practicality","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163339463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484598","display_name":"CAPTCHA","level":2,"score":0.9928542375564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9010986089706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.7185361385345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5686843395233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4325691759586334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3067188858985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29784059524536133}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10152023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10152023","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10152023/pdf/11042_2023_Article_15586.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimed Tools Appl","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37362651","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37362651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia tools and applications","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-023-15586-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324047","display_name":"Umm Al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367677935.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367677935.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552934261","https://openalex.org/W2003482218","https://openalex.org/W2047535635","https://openalex.org/W2074427752","https://openalex.org/W2084062832","https://openalex.org/W2088301450","https://openalex.org/W2099256741","https://openalex.org/W2105523261","https://openalex.org/W2115601549","https://openalex.org/W2203340264","https://openalex.org/W2463536895","https://openalex.org/W2497122899","https://openalex.org/W2520269773","https://openalex.org/W2557405067","https://openalex.org/W2766131289","https://openalex.org/W2766904978","https://openalex.org/W2776280729","https://openalex.org/W2790538232","https://openalex.org/W2794632300","https://openalex.org/W2901641898","https://openalex.org/W2904317862","https://openalex.org/W2954311426","https://openalex.org/W2992950769","https://openalex.org/W3007202418","https://openalex.org/W3007512384","https://openalex.org/W3036625760","https://openalex.org/W3119236555","https://openalex.org/W3214331061","https://openalex.org/W3215185474","https://openalex.org/W3216057360","https://openalex.org/W4205769651","https://openalex.org/W4225071452","https://openalex.org/W4225378553","https://openalex.org/W4242609424","https://openalex.org/W4299458410","https://openalex.org/W4306651810","https://openalex.org/W4308328602","https://openalex.org/W4308540852","https://openalex.org/W4309340591","https://openalex.org/W4318320802","https://openalex.org/W6941373492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6906835850","https://openalex.org/W6949994741","https://openalex.org/W2292697350","https://openalex.org/W81096307","https://openalex.org/W4414110898","https://openalex.org/W4416415017","https://openalex.org/W4244925402","https://openalex.org/W2511882878","https://openalex.org/W1972091548","https://openalex.org/W2713613743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CAPTCHA":[0,34,37,48,68,95,104,158],"as":[1,55,100,181],"\"Completely":[2],"Automated":[3],"Public":[4],"Turing":[5],"test":[6],"to":[7,18,51,61,107],"tell":[8],"Computers":[9],"and":[10,90,134,173],"Humans":[11],"Apart\"":[12],"is":[13,111],"becoming":[14],"an":[15],"essential":[16],"tool":[17],"help":[19],"reduce":[20],"many":[21],"automated":[22,53],"security":[23],"authentication":[24],"attacks.":[25],"This":[26],"research":[27,143],"focused":[28],"on":[29],"studying":[30],"differences":[31],"running":[32,151],"text-based":[33,47,103],"vs.":[35],"graphical-based":[36],"in":[38,149,161],"a":[39,116],"utilization":[40],"applicable":[41],"dominant":[42],"practicality":[43,117,169],"manner.":[44],"The":[45],"ordinary":[46],"works":[49],"simple":[50],"prevent":[52],"submissions":[54],"thought":[56],"of":[57,102,163,168],"being":[58],"relatively":[59],"easy":[60],"exploit.":[62],"On":[63],"the":[64,124,147],"other":[65],"hand,":[66],"graphic-based":[67,94],"can":[69,77,178],"be":[70,78,179],"more":[71],"preferred":[72],"from":[73],"users":[74],"side,":[75],"but":[76],"providing":[79],"some":[80,120],"complexities":[81],"making":[82],"clear":[83],"tradeoff":[84],"analysis":[85],"need":[86],"between":[87],"its":[88,109],"usability":[89,132],"security.":[91,138],"Even":[92],"though":[93],"has":[96],"been":[97],"generally":[98],"considered":[99],"improvement":[101,187],"with":[105],"respect":[106],"security,":[108],"usage":[110],"still":[112],"not":[113],"common,":[114],"raising":[115],"gap":[118,148],"needing":[119],"search":[121],"for":[122,155,183],"comparing":[123],"two":[125],"methods":[126],"side":[127,129],"by":[128],"comprehensively":[130],"involving":[131],"applicability":[133],"cultural":[135],"preference":[136],"beside":[137],"In":[139],"this":[140,142],"regard,":[141],"contributes":[144],"towards":[145],"filling":[146],"knowledge":[150],"thorough":[152],"local":[153],"experimentations":[154],"finding":[156],"different":[157],"performance":[159],"tradeoffs":[160],"terms":[162],"real":[164],"statistical":[165],"humanoid":[166],"possibilities":[167],"easiness,":[170],"repetition":[171],"secrecy,":[172],"configuration":[174],"solving":[175],"timing,":[176],"that":[177],"used":[180],"basis":[182],"conducting":[184],"further":[185],"techno":[186],"human-oriented":[188],"research.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-05-03T00:00:00"}