{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367537583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","title":"Green technique of visible light active titanium dioxide nanoparticles using starch for the degradation of organic pollutant","display_name":"Green technique of visible light active titanium dioxide nanoparticles using starch for the degradation of organic pollutant","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367537583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124203677","display_name":"Desalination and Water Treatment","issn_l":"1944-3986","issn":["1944-3986","1944-3994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Desalination and Water Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047979958","display_name":"Nornadia Nazuha Abu Hasim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nornadia Nazuha Abu Hasim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanomaterials Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanomaterials Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000631074","display_name":"Nurul Hidayah Mohamad Idris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Hidayah Mohamad Idris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanomaterials Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanomaterials Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011247349","display_name":"Hairul Hisham Hamzah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8296-1360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8296-1360"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hairul Hisham Hamzah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020311876","display_name":"Georg Urst\u00f6ger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157296","display_name":"Anton Paar (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04tp44r29","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157296"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Urst\u00f6ger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anton Paar GmbH, Anton-Paar-Stra \u03b2 e 20, 8054 Graz, Austria","GmbH, Anton-Paar-Stra \u03b2 e 20, 8054 Graz, Austria,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anton Paar GmbH, Anton-Paar-Stra \u03b2 e 20, 8054 Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GmbH, Anton-Paar-Stra \u03b2 e 20, 8054 Graz, Austria,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083213191","display_name":"Benedikt Schrode","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2013-9272","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2013-9272"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157296","display_name":"Anton Paar (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04tp44r29","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157296"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedikt Schrode","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anton Paar GmbH, Anton-Paar-Stra \u03b2 e 20, 8054 Graz, Austria","GmbH, Anton-Paar-Stra \u03b2 e 20, 8054 Graz, Austria,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anton Paar GmbH, Anton-Paar-Stra \u03b2 e 20, 8054 Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GmbH, Anton-Paar-Stra \u03b2 e 20, 8054 Graz, Austria,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157296"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014204032","display_name":"Hooi Ling Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9637-0617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9637-0617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hooi Ling Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanomaterials Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanomaterials Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014204032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"fwci":0.2919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38564323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"287","issue":null,"first_page":"46","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10078","display_name":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10210","display_name":"Advanced oxidation water treatment","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium-dioxide-nanoparticles","display_name":"titanium dioxide nanoparticles","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-photocatalysis","display_name":"visible light photocatalysis","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-synthesis","display_name":"green synthesis","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-gap-narrowing","display_name":"band gap narrowing","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-radicals","display_name":"superoxide","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-hole-separation","display_name":"electron-hole separation","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/langmuir-isotherm","display_name":"Langmuir isotherm","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photocatalyst-reusability","display_name":"photocatalyst reusability","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment","display_name":"wastewater treatment","score":0.9309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777593239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193521","display_name":"Titanium dioxide","level":2,"score":0.7619341611862183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.7126217484474182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.7074493169784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104663316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76299","display_name":"Visible spectrum","level":2,"score":0.6621927618980408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.5633484125137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529335014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41534","display_name":"Starch","level":2,"score":0.5253654718399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5157397389411926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4304484724998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4193894863128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3035920560359955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.25062310695648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.1565522849559784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.09804591536521912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.08488503098487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06986716389656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124203677","display_name":"Desalination and Water Treatment","issn_l":"1944-3986","issn":["1944-3986","1944-3994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Desalination and Water Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124203677","display_name":"Desalination and Water Treatment","issn_l":"1944-3986","issn":["1944-3986","1944-3994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Desalination and Water Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.965499997138977,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.7811999917030334,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367537583.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367537583.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1044517984","https://openalex.org/W1857111139","https://openalex.org/W1966685483","https://openalex.org/W1973745118","https://openalex.org/W2006989030","https://openalex.org/W2010786269","https://openalex.org/W2015597683","https://openalex.org/W2028134309","https://openalex.org/W2033483681","https://openalex.org/W2038907268","https://openalex.org/W2041135967","https://openalex.org/W2053363843","https://openalex.org/W2055226001","https://openalex.org/W2062271054","https://openalex.org/W2067345306","https://openalex.org/W2071484135","https://openalex.org/W2088287711","https://openalex.org/W2091633783","https://openalex.org/W2091724263","https://openalex.org/W2133155865","https://openalex.org/W2134495022","https://openalex.org/W2281887401","https://openalex.org/W2505761286","https://openalex.org/W2566278546","https://openalex.org/W2745609775","https://openalex.org/W2760891098","https://openalex.org/W2794436977","https://openalex.org/W2883260922","https://openalex.org/W2900612554","https://openalex.org/W2917725656","https://openalex.org/W2924454949","https://openalex.org/W2974822991","https://openalex.org/W2983170340","https://openalex.org/W2996854322","https://openalex.org/W2997849419","https://openalex.org/W3002517759","https://openalex.org/W3002608493","https://openalex.org/W3004801218","https://openalex.org/W3005150995","https://openalex.org/W3009856452","https://openalex.org/W3011336983","https://openalex.org/W3011730337","https://openalex.org/W3027196014","https://openalex.org/W3040873785","https://openalex.org/W3048641747","https://openalex.org/W3083871666","https://openalex.org/W3089784144","https://openalex.org/W3165669004","https://openalex.org/W3178543150","https://openalex.org/W3215824229","https://openalex.org/W4281488366","https://openalex.org/W4281563678","https://openalex.org/W4293676836","https://openalex.org/W6627233330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396831118","https://openalex.org/W4392845187","https://openalex.org/W3164925140","https://openalex.org/W4316345104","https://openalex.org/W4413771010","https://openalex.org/W7169803388","https://openalex.org/W2757057230","https://openalex.org/W1813267265","https://openalex.org/W4403312320","https://openalex.org/W2072514231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,42,82,164],"design":[2],"of":[3,34,71,79,85,107,118,139,154,161,167,190],"titanium":[4],"dioxide":[5],"nanoparticles":[6],"(TiO":[7],"2":[8,17,38,68,87,111,143,147,185,205],"NPs)":[9],"is":[10],"crucial.":[11],"Therefore,":[12],"the":[13,60,103,108,113,135,140,151,159,170,174,180,203],"visible":[14,130],"light-activated":[15],"TiO":[16,37,67,86,110,142,184,204],"NPs":[18,69,88,186,206],"were":[19,177],"proposed":[20],"using":[21],"a":[22,76],"sol-gel":[23],"green":[24],"method":[25],"with":[26,75,179],"reduced":[27],"optical":[28,61],"bandgap":[29,45],"energy":[30],"from":[31],"3.20":[32],"eV":[33],"pure":[35],"anatase":[36],"into":[39],"3.00":[40],"eV.":[41],"obtained":[43],"electrochemical":[44],"(2.81":[46],"eV)":[47],"which":[48],"was":[49,89,123],"analyzed":[50],"by":[51,91],"cyclic":[52],"voltammetry":[53],"revealed":[54,134],"an":[55,72,211],"insignificant":[56],"difference":[57],"compared":[58],"to":[59,102],"bandgap.":[62],"X-ray":[63],"diffraction":[64],"analysis":[65,96,133],"verified":[66],"composed":[70],"anatase-brookite":[73],"phase":[74],"crystallite":[77],"size":[78,84],"8":[80],"nm.":[81],"particle":[83],"confirmed":[90],"high-resolution":[92],"transmission":[93],"electron":[94],"microscopy":[95],"(11.63":[97],"\u00b1":[98],"1.47":[99],"nm).":[100],"Due":[101],"high":[104],"photocatalytic":[105,193],"performance":[106],"mixed-phase":[109],"NPs,":[112],"optimum":[114],"concentration":[115],"(6":[116],"ppm)":[117],"neutral":[119],"red":[120],"(NR)":[121],"dye":[122],"completely":[124],"degraded":[125],"within":[126],"30":[127],"min":[128],"under":[129],"light.":[131],"Photoluminescence":[132],"improved":[136],"electron-hole":[137],"separation":[138],"synthesized":[141],"NPs.":[144],"\u2022":[145],"O":[146],"-":[148],"acted":[149],"as":[150,210],"predominant":[152],"role":[153],"reactive":[155],"oxygen":[156],"species":[157],"in":[158,214],"removal":[160],"NR":[162,168],"dye.":[163],"degradation":[165],"kinetics":[166],"obeyed":[169],"first-order":[171],"kinetic":[172],"and":[173],"adsorption":[175],"data":[176],"fitted":[178],"Langmuir":[181],"isotherm":[182],"model.":[183],"maintained":[187],"over":[188],"90%":[189],"its":[191],"initial":[192],"efficiency":[194],"after":[195],"five":[196],"cycles.":[197],"Thus,":[198],"this":[199],"study":[200],"suggests":[201],"that":[202],"have":[207],"good":[208],"potential":[209],"effective":[212],"photocatalyst":[213],"wastewater":[215],"treatment.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-05-01T00:00:00"}