{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367394502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984","title":"Public Knowledge and Beliefs on Antibiotics Use and Self-Medication in Basra","display_name":"Public Knowledge and Beliefs on Antibiotics Use and Self-Medication in Basra","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367394502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984","pdf_url":"https://jsci.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/download/984/816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288437","display_name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science","issn_l":"1991-8690","issn":["1991-8690","2709-0256"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662262","host_organization_name":"University of Thi Qar","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Thi Qar"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jsci.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/download/984/816","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084885322","display_name":"Hasan Kareem Mohammed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasan Kareem Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107999618","display_name":"Majid Abdulwahab Maatook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-2459","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-2459"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Abdulwahab Maatook","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087765740","display_name":"Rajaa Ahmed Mahmoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-5463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-5463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145266","display_name":"Southern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sax3264","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145266"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajaa Ahmed Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Technical University / Collage of Health and Medical Technology Basra / Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Technical University / Collage of Health and Medical Technology Basra / Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54907624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1(SI)","first_page":"106","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-medication-with-antibiotics","display_name":"antibiotic self-medication","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-use","display_name":"antibiotic use","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-knowledge","display_name":"public knowledge","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-beliefs","display_name":"public beliefs","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-pharmacy","display_name":"community pharmacy","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-cold","display_name":"common cold","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basra","display_name":"Basra","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescription-drug-regulation","display_name":"prescription drug regulation","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142104173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761396","display_name":"Self-medication","level":2,"score":0.826521098613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.4930844008922577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4280144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527275","display_name":"Self-knowledge","level":2,"score":0.4128216505050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36547350883483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34772789478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2919778823852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.23819631338119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.10380297899246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984","pdf_url":"https://jsci.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/download/984/816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288437","display_name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science","issn_l":"1991-8690","issn":["1991-8690","2709-0256"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662262","host_organization_name":"University of Thi Qar","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Thi Qar"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8ee2b91ec2a342bda596ddaf03c5a403","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ee2b91ec2a342bda596ddaf03c5a403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631, Vol 10, Iss 1(SI) (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).984","pdf_url":"https://jsci.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/download/984/816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288437","display_name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science","issn_l":"1991-8690","issn":["1991-8690","2709-0256"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662262","host_organization_name":"University of Thi Qar","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Thi Qar"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367394502.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367394502.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165829094","https://openalex.org/W1551155295","https://openalex.org/W2053617553","https://openalex.org/W2151184274","https://openalex.org/W2225178598","https://openalex.org/W2320890637","https://openalex.org/W2578164378","https://openalex.org/W2619089249","https://openalex.org/W2746168245","https://openalex.org/W2888976984","https://openalex.org/W2946570942","https://openalex.org/W3085094809","https://openalex.org/W3112200657","https://openalex.org/W3120648194","https://openalex.org/W3136852528","https://openalex.org/W3202224786","https://openalex.org/W4206456972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408867493","https://openalex.org/W3110636034","https://openalex.org/W4321103009","https://openalex.org/W4310592001","https://openalex.org/W4206456972","https://openalex.org/W6893796021","https://openalex.org/W2573313095","https://openalex.org/W2518339728","https://openalex.org/W2977084970","https://openalex.org/W3129123622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-medication":[0],"is":[1,44,52,161,188,199],"described":[2],"as":[3,18,20,76,78,168,175],"the":[4,21,45,68,111,121,135,141,152,181,205,209],"use":[5,25,75],"of":[6,26,47,115,120,134,140,145,151,180,211],"medications":[7],"to":[8,30,66,201],"address":[9],"illnesses":[10,35],"or":[11,23,33,36],"symptoms":[12],"that":[13,55,124,157,184],"one":[14],"has":[15],"independently":[16],"diagnosed,":[17],"well":[19,77],"irregular":[22],"continuous":[24],"a":[27,87,94,130],"prescribed":[28],"substance":[29],"treat":[31],"persistent":[32],"recurrent":[34],"symptoms.":[37],"The":[38,62],"fundamental":[39],"issue":[40,54],"with":[41,80,105,159,186],"antibiotic":[42,74],"self-medication":[43,79,158,185],"development":[46],"pathogenic":[48],"resistance.":[49],"Antibiotic":[50],"resistance":[51],"an":[53,138,163,190],"exists":[56],"today,":[57],"primarily":[58],"in":[59,82],"developing":[60],"nations.":[61],"main":[63],"objective":[64],"was":[65,90],"study":[67],"public's":[69],"beliefs":[70,183],"and":[71,172,207],"behaviors":[72],"on":[73],"antibiotics":[81,116,125,160,187],"Basra":[83],"were":[84,110],"studied.":[85],"Methods:":[86],"cross-sectional":[88],"survey":[89,98],"conducted":[91],"by":[92],"using":[93,146],"validated":[95],"questionnaire.":[96],"This":[97],"included":[99],"470":[100],"participants.":[101],"(74":[102],"%)":[103],"self-medicate":[104],"antibiotics.":[106,147],"Community":[107],"pharmacies":[108],"(41.1%)":[109],"most":[112],"common":[113,131],"source":[114],"for":[117,129],"self-medication.":[118],"(74.5%)":[119],"participants":[122,136,153,182],"know":[123],"are":[126],"not":[127,162,189],"useful":[128],"cold.":[132],"(59.1%)":[133],"have":[137],"idea":[139],"possible":[142],"harmful":[143],"effects":[144],"More":[148],"than":[149],"half":[150],"287":[154],"(61.1%)":[155],"thought":[156],"acceptable":[164,191],"practice.":[165,177],"(40.51%)":[166],"stated":[167,174],"very":[169],"bad":[170,176],"practice":[171],"(32.72%)":[173],"Conclusion:":[178],"Most":[179],"practice,":[192],"while":[193],"74%":[194],"used":[195],"this":[196],"practices.":[197],"It":[198],"important":[200],"properly":[202],"follow":[203],"up":[204],"regulations":[206],"controlling":[208],"distribution":[210],"prescription":[212],"medications.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-04-30T00:00:00"}