{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367366232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18","title":"Delving into the Spoken English of T\u2019boli ESL Learners: A Descriptive Study","display_name":"Delving into the Spoken English of T\u2019boli ESL Learners: A Descriptive Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367366232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18","pdf_url":"https://ijmaberjournal.org/index.php/ijmaber/article/download/951/542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198981","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Business and Education Research","issn_l":"2774-5368","issn":["2774-5368"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijmaberjournal.org/index.php/ijmaber/article/download/951/542","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033962170","display_name":"Remar B. Barcibal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280471","display_name":"Green Valley College Foundation, Inc.","ror":"https://ror.org/02zrtx157","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280471"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Remar B. Barcibal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Green Valley College\u2013T\u2019boli South Cotabato, the Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Green Valley College\u2013T\u2019boli South Cotabato, the Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053952986","display_name":"Caroline L. Abaigar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132651265","display_name":"Notre Dame of Marbel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q5fwy02","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132651265"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caroline L. Abaigar","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Arts and Sciences Notre Dame of Marbel University, South Cotabato, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Arts and Sciences Notre Dame of Marbel University, South Cotabato, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132651265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014695525","display_name":"Henry E. Lemana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-0443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-0443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96916377","display_name":"Walailak University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b69g067","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96916377"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry E. Lemana II","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Languages and General Education Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thai-land"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Languages and General Education Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thai-land","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96916377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2819,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81036359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"1208","last_page":"1220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.6640999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.6640999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.30219998955726624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13538","display_name":"Linguistics and Language Analysis","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-second-language","display_name":"English as a second language","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-english","display_name":"spoken English","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-language-speakers","display_name":"indigenous language speakers","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-features","display_name":"phonological features","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-and-intonation","display_name":"stress and intonation","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parentheticals","display_name":"parenthetical expressions","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-native-english-speakers","display_name":"non-native English speakers","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-transfer","display_name":"language transfer","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.7047706842422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5576720","display_name":"Intonation (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5875248312950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109089402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8188","display_name":"Syllable","level":2,"score":0.5644733905792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.510155975818634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5031706690788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201280247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032","display_name":"Newspaper","level":2,"score":0.4576520025730133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45544102787971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.42192140221595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3385465741157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2154477834701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.10335418581962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18","pdf_url":"https://ijmaberjournal.org/index.php/ijmaber/article/download/951/542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198981","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Business and Education Research","issn_l":"2774-5368","issn":["2774-5368"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/cgfz9-dr629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/cgfz9-dr629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/cgfz9-dr629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/zd6v5-rn152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/zd6v5-rn152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/zd6v5-rn152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.18","pdf_url":"https://ijmaberjournal.org/index.php/ijmaber/article/download/951/542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198981","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Business and Education Research","issn_l":"2774-5368","issn":["2774-5368"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367366232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367366232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169661275","https://openalex.org/W344655071","https://openalex.org/W1558072529","https://openalex.org/W1780778418","https://openalex.org/W1993678946","https://openalex.org/W2022389086","https://openalex.org/W2025834347","https://openalex.org/W2032213853","https://openalex.org/W2040383661","https://openalex.org/W2041993190","https://openalex.org/W2057931737","https://openalex.org/W2058624789","https://openalex.org/W2061051888","https://openalex.org/W2598355315","https://openalex.org/W2741245193","https://openalex.org/W2745634268","https://openalex.org/W2788762406","https://openalex.org/W2792382948","https://openalex.org/W2941682413","https://openalex.org/W2955383149","https://openalex.org/W3126447865","https://openalex.org/W3137299462","https://openalex.org/W3175098272","https://openalex.org/W4205869929","https://openalex.org/W4255739302","https://openalex.org/W6922713665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6912189694","https://openalex.org/W1899702903","https://openalex.org/W7165143327","https://openalex.org/W3004652772","https://openalex.org/W7092200767","https://openalex.org/W2159253229","https://openalex.org/W7083302683","https://openalex.org/W4402783542","https://openalex.org/W7220334781","https://openalex.org/W4392414742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"culturally":[1],"pluralistic":[2],"country,":[3],"the":[4,40,46,54,58,61,69,83,101,112,114,137,169,183,193,197,206,228,234],"Philippines":[5],"has":[6],"more":[7],"than":[8],"a":[9,28,140,143,150,155,180,224],"hundred":[10],"spoken":[11,55,121,199,210],"languages":[12],"used":[13],"on":[14,25,111],"national,":[15],"regional,":[16],"and":[17,63,98,105,126,130,148,153,164,240],"local":[18],"scales.":[19],"With":[20],"this":[21,48,186],"abundant":[22],"number,":[23],"studies":[24],"English":[26,56,95,211,215,229],"as":[27,189],"second":[29,170],"language":[30],"acquisition":[31],"by":[32],"many":[33],"indigenous":[34],"people":[35],"have":[36],"remained":[37],"scarce":[38],"over":[39],"years.":[41],"To":[42],"attempt":[43],"to":[44,52,92,226],"address":[45],"lacuna,":[47],"qualitative":[49],"study":[50,70,187,218],"aimed":[51],"describe":[53],"of":[57,68,85,100,139,142,172,185,196,208,232,236],"T\u2019bolis":[59],"at":[60,78],"word":[62],"sentential":[64],"levels.":[65],"The":[66,217],"participants":[67,115],"were":[71,90,103],"20":[72],"senior":[73],"high":[74],"school":[75,81],"T\u2019boli":[76,198],"students":[77],"one":[79],"private":[80],"in":[82,119,161,168,179],"Municipality":[84],"T\u2019boli,":[86],"South":[87],"Cotabato.":[88],"They":[89],"asked":[91],"read":[93],"an":[94],"newspaper":[96],"article,":[97],"recordings":[99],"utterances":[102],"transcribed":[104],"analyzed":[106],"through":[107],"structured":[108],"guides.":[109],"Based":[110],"findings,":[113],"exhibited":[116],"dominant":[117,194],"features":[118,195],"their":[120,209,237],"English,":[122,200],"like":[123],"replacing":[124],"vowels":[125],"consonant":[127],"sounds;":[128],"substituting":[129],"omitting":[131],"sounds":[132],"when":[133],"articulating":[134],"words;":[135],"shifting":[136],"stress":[138],"syllable":[141,171],"word;":[144],"not":[145,176,203],"pausing":[146],"before":[147],"after":[149,154],"parenthetical":[151],"expression":[152],"thought":[156],"group;":[157],"using":[158,165],"falling":[159],"intonation":[160],"unfinished":[162],"statements;":[163],"rising":[166],"tone":[167],"words":[173],"that":[174,221,243],"are":[175],"considered":[177],"important":[178],"statement.":[181],"While":[182],"findings":[184],"served":[188],"bases":[190],"for":[191],"understanding":[192],"they":[201,246],"do":[202],"necessarily":[204],"reflect":[205],"distinction":[207],"among":[212],"other":[213,241],"non-native":[214],"speakers.":[216],"then":[219],"implies":[220],"there":[222],"is":[223],"need":[225],"understand":[227],"communication":[230],"skills":[231],"T\u2019bolis,":[233],"idiosyncrasies":[235],"native":[238],"language,":[239],"factors":[242],"affect":[244],"how":[245],"learn":[247],"English.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-04-30T00:00:00"}
