{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367333293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473231173093","title":"Gardenia blue is not carcinogenic in the rasH2 mouse","display_name":"Gardenia blue is not carcinogenic in the rasH2 mouse","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367333293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473231173093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/23978473231173093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473231173093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473231173093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173702","display_name":"Toxicology Research and Application","issn_l":"2397-8473","issn":["2397-8473"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicology Research and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473231173093","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002800938","display_name":"Robert R. Maronpot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-3484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-3484"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert R Maronpot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maronpot Consulting LLC., Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-3484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maronpot Consulting LLC., Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051516810","display_name":"Mihoko Koyanagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-2438","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-2438"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165561","display_name":"San-Ei Gen F.F.I (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2shy89","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165561"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihoko Koyanagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gardenia Blue Interest Group, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan","Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gardenia Blue Interest Group, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165561"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029133342","display_name":"Shim-mo Hayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3070-7771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3070-7771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151964","display_name":"National Institute of Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04s629c33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333985979","https://openalex.org/I4210151964"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shim-mo Hayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151964"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057945543","display_name":"Debabrata Mahapatra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5810-916X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5810-916X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-2944"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debabrata Mahapatra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology Department, Inotiv, Morrisville, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology Department, Inotiv, Morrisville, NC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110253264","display_name":"Masayuki Nishino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-4992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-4992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165561","display_name":"San-Ei Gen F.F.I (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2shy89","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165561"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayuki Nishino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gardenia Blue Interest Group, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan","Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gardenia Blue Interest Group, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165561"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165561"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010108289","display_name":"Minoru Iniwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165561","display_name":"San-Ei Gen F.F.I (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2shy89","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165561"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minoru Iniwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gardenia Blue Interest Group, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan","Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gardenia Blue Interest Group, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165561"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen FFI Inc, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165561"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002800938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"fwci":0.3835,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42429632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13325","display_name":"Dye analysis and toxicity","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13325","display_name":"Dye analysis and toxicity","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10433","display_name":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","score":0.03660000115633011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13165","display_name":"Agricultural safety and regulations","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-colorants","display_name":"food colorants","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcinogenicity","display_name":"carcinogenicity","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-exposure","display_name":"dietary exposure","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/no-observed-adverse-effect-level","display_name":"no-observed-adverse-effect level","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histopathology","display_name":"histopathology","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-medicine","display_name":"clinical pathology","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779904785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740887","display_name":"Gardenia","level":4,"score":0.8433445692062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114246631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187661","display_name":"Carcinogen","level":2,"score":0.5693406462669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779225474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842424","display_name":"Urinalysis","level":3,"score":0.5442235469818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.5313003063201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544855455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070952","display_name":"Histopathology","level":2,"score":0.5134690403938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5070326328277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4799542725086212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194409129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103824","display_name":"Hematology","level":2,"score":0.46335649490356445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.37469685077667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3549261689186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.3284446597099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2578302323818207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188947578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200253","display_name":"Traditional Chinese medicine","level":3,"score":0.22277706861495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40924","display_name":"Urine","level":2,"score":0.18318402767181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.09627068042755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/23978473231173093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473231173093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473231173093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173702","display_name":"Toxicology Research and Application","issn_l":"2397-8473","issn":["2397-8473"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicology Research and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/23978473231173093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473231173093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473231173093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173702","display_name":"Toxicology Research and Application","issn_l":"2397-8473","issn":["2397-8473"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicology Research and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322266","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/02zdz1m23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15076868","https://openalex.org/W563336492","https://openalex.org/W1971037804","https://openalex.org/W1973170228","https://openalex.org/W1977226572","https://openalex.org/W1978865111","https://openalex.org/W1980596522","https://openalex.org/W1982893010","https://openalex.org/W1987721641","https://openalex.org/W1992430132","https://openalex.org/W2003110432","https://openalex.org/W2004719992","https://openalex.org/W2014538668","https://openalex.org/W2016274652","https://openalex.org/W2024426393","https://openalex.org/W2042110289","https://openalex.org/W2047170514","https://openalex.org/W2050241533","https://openalex.org/W2076772756","https://openalex.org/W2097481396","https://openalex.org/W2099456440","https://openalex.org/W2115666606","https://openalex.org/W2119753212","https://openalex.org/W2125671308","https://openalex.org/W2132309572","https://openalex.org/W2136149755","https://openalex.org/W2146498844","https://openalex.org/W2149353337","https://openalex.org/W2166204220","https://openalex.org/W2166941627","https://openalex.org/W2168966191","https://openalex.org/W2300001177","https://openalex.org/W2312457707","https://openalex.org/W2754293127","https://openalex.org/W2799483466","https://openalex.org/W2807387474","https://openalex.org/W3137733956","https://openalex.org/W4327703310","https://openalex.org/W4362512503","https://openalex.org/W4362711233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004719992","https://openalex.org/W2807387474","https://openalex.org/W2015937866","https://openalex.org/W3021916915","https://openalex.org/W2035088798","https://openalex.org/W2149353337","https://openalex.org/W4253446143","https://openalex.org/W2728342015","https://openalex.org/W2057742478","https://openalex.org/W2166941627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Gardenia":[1],"blue":[2,44,155,170,193],"is":[3],"currently":[4],"being":[5],"considered":[6],"as":[7,97],"a":[8,98,187],"naturally":[9],"derived":[10],"food":[11],"colorant":[12],"for":[13,48,196],"use":[14],"in":[15,45,69,79,115,138,149,173,179,198],"the":[16,46,150,164,199],"global":[17],"marketplace.":[18],"Methods":[19],"To":[20],"assess":[21],"its":[22],"carcinogenic":[23],"potential,":[24],"100":[25,28],"female":[26,80,180],"and":[27,40,66,72,76,89,104,110,119,142,176],"male":[29,70,174],"CByB6F1-Tg":[30],"(HRAS)2Jic":[31],"(rasH2)":[32],"mice":[33,71,148,175],"were":[34,113,133],"allocated":[35],"to":[36,42,62,117,129,146],"four":[37],"dose":[38,52],"groups":[39],"exposed":[41],"gardenia":[43,154,169,192],"diet":[47],"26":[49],"weeks":[50],"at":[51],"levels":[53],"of":[54,86,152,191],"0.0%":[55],"(control),":[56],"0.5%,":[57],"2.5%,":[58],"or":[59],"5.0%":[60],"(corresponding":[61],"0.0,":[63,73],"664.8,":[64],"3341.0,":[65],"6623.2":[67],"mg/kg/day":[68,78,172,178],"1182.7,":[74],"5561.1,":[75],"10,440.3":[77,177],"mice,":[81],"respectively).":[82],"An":[83],"additional":[84],"group":[85],"10":[87,90],"males":[88],"females":[91],"was":[92,167,194],"administered":[93],"intraperitoneal":[94],"N-methyl-N-nitrosourea":[95],"(MNU)":[96],"positive":[99,123],"control.":[100],"Clinical":[101],"observations,":[102],"body":[103],"organ":[105],"weights,":[106],"clinical":[107,139],"chemistry,":[108],"hematology,":[109],"hormone":[111],"analyses":[112],"performed":[114],"addition":[116],"urinalysis":[118],"histopathology.":[120],"Results":[121],"The":[122],"control":[124],"elicited":[125],"expected":[126],"responses":[127],"specific":[128],"rasH2":[130,147,200],"mice.":[131],"There":[132],"sporadic":[134],"background":[135],"non-dose-related":[136],"findings":[137],"pathology":[140,144],"parameters":[141],"anatomic":[143],"common":[145],"absence":[151],"any":[153],"induced":[156],"dose-related":[157],"changes.":[158],"Discussion":[159],"Under":[160],"these":[161],"study":[162,186],"conditions,":[163],"no-observed-adverse-effect":[165],"level":[166,190],"5%":[168],"(6623.2":[171],"mice).":[181],"Conclusions":[182],"Based":[183],"on":[184],"this":[185],"high":[188],"dietary":[189],"negative":[195],"carcinogenicity":[197],"mouse":[201],"test":[202],"system.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-04-30T00:00:00"}