{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367309959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiad018","title":"The effects of leaving the EU on the geography of UK trade","display_name":"The effects of leaving the EU on the geography of UK trade","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367309959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiad018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/epolic/eiad018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiad018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiad018","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/economicpolicy/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/epolic/eiad018/50121606/eiad018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99606308","display_name":"Economic Policy","issn_l":"0266-4658","issn":["0266-4658","1468-0327"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/economicpolicy/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/epolic/eiad018/50121606/eiad018.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031069008","display_name":"Michael Gasiorek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-3471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-3471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Gasiorek","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Trade Policy Observatory, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Trade Policy Observatory, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017358815","display_name":"Nicol\u00f2 Tamberi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicol\u00f2 Tamberi","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Trade Policy Observatory, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Trade Policy Observatory, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031069008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"apc_list":{"value":5923,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":6407},"apc_paid":{"value":5923,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":6407},"fwci":4.3593,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94237218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"116","first_page":"707","last_page":"764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brexit","display_name":"Brexit","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-and-cooperation-agreement","display_name":"Trade and Cooperation Agreement","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-uk-trade-relations","display_name":"UK-EU trade relations","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-barriers","display_name":"trade barriers","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brexit-referendum","display_name":"Brexit referendum","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exports-and-imports","display_name":"exports and imports","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-uncertainty","display_name":"trade uncertainty","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography-of-trade","display_name":"trade geography","score":0.6869999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776469822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7888194","display_name":"Brexit","level":3,"score":0.8502901792526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781462389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43109","display_name":"Referendum","level":3,"score":0.8265979290008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.6750869750976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832039","display_name":"Trade diversion","level":4,"score":0.6370455622673035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5982645153999329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.5941817760467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779108270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832035","display_name":"Trade creation","level":5,"score":0.5053151249885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.49993896484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45051096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327750","display_name":"Single market","level":3,"score":0.49722054600715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46120163798332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776444413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4119931","display_name":"Rules of origin","level":3,"score":0.4209219813346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.41848433017730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780967403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256330","display_name":"Bilateral trade","level":3,"score":0.4184727072715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140413371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572564","display_name":"Commercial policy","level":2,"score":0.33527901768684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5335686","display_name":"International free trade agreement","level":3,"score":0.2788192629814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16560235619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12339457869529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/epolic/eiad018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiad018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiad018","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/economicpolicy/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/epolic/eiad018/50121606/eiad018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99606308","display_name":"Economic Policy","issn_l":"0266-4658","issn":["0266-4658","1468-0327"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24132501","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_effects_of_leaving_the_EU_on_the_geography_of_UK_trade/24132501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/epolic/eiad018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiad018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiad018","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/economicpolicy/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/epolic/eiad018/50121606/eiad018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99606308","display_name":"Economic Policy","issn_l":"0266-4658","issn":["0266-4658","1468-0327"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367309959.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367309959.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516284302","https://openalex.org/W2064391911","https://openalex.org/W2125066348","https://openalex.org/W2126719006","https://openalex.org/W2171656257","https://openalex.org/W2288729884","https://openalex.org/W2409682092","https://openalex.org/W2501980023","https://openalex.org/W2621634954","https://openalex.org/W2913739770","https://openalex.org/W2914299315","https://openalex.org/W2922100653","https://openalex.org/W2953426553","https://openalex.org/W2982296987","https://openalex.org/W3122578424","https://openalex.org/W3124441690","https://openalex.org/W3125057276","https://openalex.org/W3162095113","https://openalex.org/W3169407454","https://openalex.org/W3197899257","https://openalex.org/W3201483629","https://openalex.org/W4229002820","https://openalex.org/W4302175028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392478981","https://openalex.org/W7071903853","https://openalex.org/W7116653118","https://openalex.org/W4392478975","https://openalex.org/W6999957383","https://openalex.org/W4360609983","https://openalex.org/W6997175282","https://openalex.org/W3165403201","https://openalex.org/W4416680272","https://openalex.org/W2907751325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,157],"paper":[2],"investigates":[3],"the":[4,7,12,20,24,48,52,60,63,82,85,89,92,99,115,122,128,149,154,163,169,182,209,225,229,238,241],"effect":[5],"of":[6,74,84,88,91,140,159,185,208,228,240],"2016":[8,39,100],"Brexit":[9],"referendum":[10,40,101],"and":[11,14,23,51,78,134,189,195],"Trade":[13],"Cooperation":[15],"Agreement":[16],"(TCA)":[17],"signed":[18],"by":[19,203],"United":[21,49],"Kingdom":[22,50],"EU":[25,53,150,230,245],"in":[26,32,57,68,143,153,205,235],"December":[27,36],"2020":[28],"on":[29,105],"UK\u2013EU":[30,107],"trade":[31,45,108,112,126],"goods":[33],"up":[34,80],"to":[35,81,110,148,200,237],"2021.":[37,70],"The":[38],"introduced":[41],"uncertainty,":[42],"but":[43,130],"new":[44,61],"barriers":[46],"between":[47,187,193],"were":[54,172],"not":[55,162,198],"put":[56],"place":[58],"until":[59],"agreement,":[62],"TCA,":[64,93],"entered":[65],"into":[66],"force":[67],"January":[69,144],"Using":[71],"a":[72,137,178,217],"set":[73],"different":[75],"econometric":[76],"techniques,":[77],"looking":[79],"end":[83],"first":[86,183],"year":[87,184],"implementation":[90,186],"we":[94,213],"find":[95,214],"no":[96],"evidence":[97,215],"that":[98,121,216],"had":[102],"any":[103],"impact":[104],"aggregate":[106],"relative":[109,226],"comparator":[111],"flows.":[113,211],"On":[114],"other":[116],"hand,":[117],"our":[118],"results":[119],"show":[120],"TCA":[123],"reduced":[124],"UK":[125,146,166,233,242],"with":[127,177],"EU,":[129,170],"asymmetrically":[131],"for":[132,165,220,232,244],"exports":[133,147,194],"imports.":[135],"After":[136],"sharp":[138],"drop":[139],"around":[141],"41%":[142],"2021,":[145,176],"quickly":[151],"recovered":[152],"following":[155],"months.":[156],"pattern":[158],"recovery":[160],"was":[161],"case":[164],"imports":[167,196],"from":[168],"which":[171],"negatively":[173],"impacted":[174],"throughout":[175],"cumulative":[179],"loss":[180],"over":[181],"\u221224%":[188],"\u221228%.":[190],"Asymmetric":[191],"effects":[192,223],"do":[197],"appear":[199],"be":[201],"driven":[202],"difference":[204],"product":[206],"composition":[207],"two":[210],"Instead,":[212],"plausible":[218],"explanation":[219],"these":[221],"differential":[222],"is":[224],"importance":[227,239],"market":[231,243],"firms,":[234],"comparison":[236],"firms.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-04-29T00:00:00"}