{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367294368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.1.6","title":"Optimizing the Performance of the Iptables Stateful NAT44 Solution","display_name":"Optimizing the Performance of the Iptables Stateful NAT44 Solution","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367294368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.1.6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36244/icj.2023.1.6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.1.6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.1.6","pdf_url":"https://www.infocommunications.hu/documents/169298/4861545/InfocomJournal_2023_1_6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179256","display_name":"H\u00edrad\u00e1stechnika/Infocommunications journal","issn_l":"0018-2028","issn":["0018-2028","2061-2079","2061-2125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infocommunications journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.infocommunications.hu/documents/169298/4861545/InfocomJournal_2023_1_6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067379650","display_name":"G\u00e1bor Lencse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-3237","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-3237"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275268","display_name":"SoftBank Corp. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038vabw28","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275268"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83579964","display_name":"Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University","ror":"https://ror.org/04091f946","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83579964"]}],"countries":["HU","JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G\u00e1bor Lencse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics","Department of Telecommunications, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, Gy\u0151r, Hungary","Department of Telecommunications, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, Gy\u0151r, Hungary since 1997","Research Institute of Advanced Technology of SoftBank Corp","SoftBank Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo , Japan","in computer science from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary in 1994 and 2001, respectively"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, Gy\u0151r, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83579964"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, Gy\u0151r, Hungary since 1997","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83579964"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Advanced Technology of SoftBank Corp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoftBank Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"in computer science from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary in 1994 and 2001, respectively","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071394015","display_name":"Keiichi Shima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-2584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-2584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275268","display_name":"SoftBank Corp. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038vabw28","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275268"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83579964","display_name":"Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University","ror":"https://ror.org/04091f946","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83579964"]}],"countries":["HU","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keiichi Shima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics","Department of Telecommunications, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, Gy\u0151r, Hungary","Department of Telecommunications, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, Gy\u0151r, Hungary since 1997","Research Institute of Advanced Technology of SoftBank Corp","SoftBank Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo , Japan","in computer science from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary in 1994 and 2001, respectively"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, Gy\u0151r, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83579964"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, Gy\u0151r, Hungary since 1997","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83579964"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Advanced Technology of SoftBank Corp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoftBank Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"in computer science from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary in 1994 and 2001, respectively","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067379650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179","https://openalex.org/I4405275268","https://openalex.org/I83579964"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5064,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58531498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iptables","display_name":"iptables","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking-methods","display_name":"benchmarking methodology","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"throughput","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"latency","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-usage","display_name":"memory usage","score":0.8930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22927095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784206","display_name":"Stateful firewall","level":3,"score":0.9570436477661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.768060564994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.4451358914375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4348132908344269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.26819169521331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16285273432731628}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36244/icj.2023.1.6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.1.6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.1.6","pdf_url":"https://www.infocommunications.hu/documents/169298/4861545/InfocomJournal_2023_1_6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179256","display_name":"H\u00edrad\u00e1stechnika/Infocommunications journal","issn_l":"0018-2028","issn":["0018-2028","2061-2079","2061-2125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infocommunications journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:real.mtak.hu:165205","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://real.mtak.hu/165205/1/InfocomJournal_2023_1_6.pdf","pdf_url":"http://real.mtak.hu/165205/1/InfocomJournal_2023_1_6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400081","display_name":"Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210140733","host_organization_name":"Library and Information Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140733"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36244/icj.2023.1.6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.1.6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.1.6","pdf_url":"https://www.infocommunications.hu/documents/169298/4861545/InfocomJournal_2023_1_6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179256","display_name":"H\u00edrad\u00e1stechnika/Infocommunications journal","issn_l":"0018-2028","issn":["0018-2028","2061-2079","2061-2125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infocommunications journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367294368.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367294368.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67087718","https://openalex.org/W2255771559","https://openalex.org/W2265657080","https://openalex.org/W2266996366","https://openalex.org/W2345664342","https://openalex.org/W2923749143","https://openalex.org/W2990025894","https://openalex.org/W3033140289","https://openalex.org/W4206225178","https://openalex.org/W4281727003","https://openalex.org/W4301455809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385814359","https://openalex.org/W4281727003","https://openalex.org/W4406239082","https://openalex.org/W7011637132","https://openalex.org/W2365067769","https://openalex.org/W2990025894","https://openalex.org/W1639019325","https://openalex.org/W2158110327","https://openalex.org/W7095822904","https://openalex.org/W4399010298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25],"stateful":[1,16,64,93,111,124],"NAT44":[2,17],"performance":[3,26,107,122,135,199],"of":[4,19,28,40,49,123,136,160,171],"iptables":[5,29,137,161],"is":[6,12],"an":[7],"important":[8],"issue":[9],"when":[10],"it":[11,75],"used":[13],"as":[14,162,164,168],"a":[15,20,60,169],"gateway":[18],"CGN":[21],"(Carrier-Grade":[22],"NAT)":[23],"system.":[24],"measurements":[27],"published":[30],"in":[31,69],"research":[32],"papers":[33],"do":[34],"not":[35],"comply":[36],"with":[37,92],"the":[38,47,79,115,134,150,202],"requirements":[39],"RFC":[41,44,81,97],"2544":[42,82],"and":[43,46,73,118,142,156,185],"4814":[45,98],"usability":[48],"their":[50],"results":[51],"has":[52,58,103],"serious":[53],"limitations.":[54],"Our":[55],"Internet":[56],"Draft":[57],"proposed":[59],"benchmarking":[61],"methodology":[62],"for":[63],"NATxy":[65,94,125],"(x,":[66],"y":[67],"are":[68],"{4,":[70],"6})":[71],"gateways":[72,95],"made":[74],"possible":[76],"to":[77,110,113,195],"perform":[78],"classic":[80],"measurement":[83,183],"procedures":[84],"like":[85],"throughput,":[86],"latency,":[87],"frame":[88],"loss":[89],"rate,":[90,154],"etc.":[91],"using":[96,176,201],"pseudorandom":[99],"port":[100],"numbers.":[101],"It":[102],"also":[104,143],"defined":[105],"new":[106,189],"metrics":[108],"specific":[109],"testing":[112],"quantify":[114],"connection":[116,119,152],"setup":[117],"tear":[120,157],"down":[121,158],"gateways.":[126],"In":[127],"our":[128],"current":[129],"paper,":[130],"we":[131],"examine":[132],"how":[133],"depends":[138],"on":[139],"various":[140],"settings,":[141],"if":[144],"certain":[145],"tradeoffs":[146],"exist.":[147],"We":[148,180,187],"measure":[149],"maximum":[151],"establishment":[153],"throughput":[155],"rate":[159],"well":[163],"its":[165],"memory":[166],"consumption":[167],"function":[170],"hash":[172],"table":[173],"size":[174],"always":[175],"40":[177],"million":[178],"connections.":[179],"disclose":[181],"all":[182],"details":[184],"results.":[186],"recommend":[188],"settings":[190],"that":[191],"enable":[192],"network":[193],"operators":[194],"achieve":[196],"significantly":[197],"higher":[198],"than":[200],"traditional":[203],"ones.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-04-29T00:00:00"}
