{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366994572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-08-2022-0157","title":"Hype or opportunity? Tokenization as engagement platform in sport marketing","display_name":"Hype or opportunity? Tokenization as engagement platform in sport marketing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366994572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-08-2022-0157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/ijsms-08-2022-0157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-08-2022-0157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-08-2022-0157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205950374","display_name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","issn_l":"1464-6668","issn":["1464-6668","2515-7841"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/195083/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070246035","display_name":"Pascal Stegmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-2186","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-2186"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Stegmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-2186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daniel Matyas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Matyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063443493","display_name":"Tim Str\u00f6bel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1723-5802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1723-5802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54009628","display_name":"University of Bayreuth","ror":"https://ror.org/0234wmv40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Str\u00f6bel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marketing and Sport Management, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1723-5802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marketing and Sport Management, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97223814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"722","last_page":"736"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.43209999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.43209999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.21940000355243683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.11720000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tokenization","display_name":"tokenization","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"blockchain","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance-tokens","display_name":"governance tokens","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fan-engagement","display_name":"fan engagement","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-co-creation","display_name":"value co-creation","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercialization","display_name":"commercialization","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-marketing","display_name":"sports marketing","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6788554787635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176982825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835922","display_name":"Lexical analysis","level":2,"score":0.6096807718276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3297812","display_name":"Club","level":2,"score":0.5253098607063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5062267184257507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.49727991223335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.49405625462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4621271789073944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545824763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3321471","display_name":"Sports marketing","level":4,"score":0.4552653133869171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.43473827838897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776915394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5196451","display_name":"Customer engagement","level":3,"score":0.4262887239456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4102838635444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2580576539039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20069411396980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19971433281898499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192975520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143466","display_name":"Marketing management","level":2,"score":0.1944284439086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.19278913736343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54649085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574424","display_name":"Relationship marketing","level":3,"score":0.1894134283065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17458927631378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.16140994429588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/ijsms-08-2022-0157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-08-2022-0157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-08-2022-0157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205950374","display_name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","issn_l":"1464-6668","issn":["1464-6668","2515-7841"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48350/195083","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/187549","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:195083","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/195083/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401747","display_name":"BORIS (University Library Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210103840","host_organization_name":"Nakuru County Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stegmann, Pascal; Matyas, Daniel; Str\u00f6bel, Tim (2023). Hype or opportunity? Tokenization as engagement platform in sport marketing. International journal of sports marketing &amp; sponsorship, 24(4), pp. 722-736. Emerald 10.1108/IJSMS-08-2022-0157 &lt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-08-2022-0157&gt;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48350/195083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48350/195083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48350/195083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053152","display_name":"Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:195083","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/195083/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401747","display_name":"BORIS (University Library Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210103840","host_organization_name":"Nakuru County Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stegmann, Pascal; Matyas, Daniel; Str\u00f6bel, Tim (2023). Hype or opportunity? Tokenization as engagement platform in sport marketing. International journal of sports marketing &amp; sponsorship, 24(4), pp. 722-736. Emerald 10.1108/IJSMS-08-2022-0157 &lt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-08-2022-0157&gt;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W919187098","https://openalex.org/W1968261428","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1982818311","https://openalex.org/W2030152714","https://openalex.org/W2046484912","https://openalex.org/W2054877429","https://openalex.org/W2061839700","https://openalex.org/W2075284967","https://openalex.org/W2100148407","https://openalex.org/W2105450262","https://openalex.org/W2132652356","https://openalex.org/W2143615203","https://openalex.org/W2153674408","https://openalex.org/W2163822384","https://openalex.org/W2324683806","https://openalex.org/W2422895071","https://openalex.org/W2600849091","https://openalex.org/W2612820073","https://openalex.org/W2769954523","https://openalex.org/W2970577369","https://openalex.org/W2989815037","https://openalex.org/W3015815708","https://openalex.org/W3047639701","https://openalex.org/W3085307705","https://openalex.org/W3088216989","https://openalex.org/W3131747760","https://openalex.org/W3201391550","https://openalex.org/W4225740851","https://openalex.org/W4288456746","https://openalex.org/W4293483530","https://openalex.org/W4313194853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404832774","https://openalex.org/W4402650407","https://openalex.org/W4412463094","https://openalex.org/W7125964030","https://openalex.org/W4226071878","https://openalex.org/W7125404846","https://openalex.org/W4394718570","https://openalex.org/W4390474715","https://openalex.org/W4367359547","https://openalex.org/W4408084081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Novel":[1],"technologies":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4,40,71,169],"tokenization":[5,37,168],"have":[6],"the":[7,141,165,200],"potential":[8],"to":[9,34,44,117,140,152,163,196],"disrupt":[10],"value":[11,197],"co-creation":[12,198],"in":[13,17,23,109,176,189,199],"sport":[14,24,51,69,91,93,125,156,177,190,204],"marketing.":[15,178],"Tokenization":[16],"particular":[18],"has":[19],"generated":[20],"a":[21,62,67,77,81,170],"hype":[22],"marketing":[25,191],"by":[26,74,106],"facilitating":[27],"engagement":[28,42,72,105,113,154,174],"behavior.":[29],"However,":[30,127],"it":[31],"remains":[32],"unclear":[33],"what":[35],"extent":[36],"can":[38,186],"serve":[39],"an":[41],"platform":[43,65,73,114,175],"enable":[45,118],"new":[46],"and":[47,53,87,96,123,132,173,192],"innovative":[48],"interactions":[49],"between":[50,121],"organizations":[52],"its":[54],"network":[55],"of":[56,66,76,143,155,167,203],"actors.":[57],"Design/methodology/approach":[58],"The":[59,112,160,179],"study":[60,79],"investigated":[61],"tokenized":[63,183],"governance":[64,144,184],"professional":[68,124],"club":[70,94,157],"means":[75],"case":[78],"applying":[80],"multi-method":[82],"approach":[83],"combining":[84],"document":[85],"analyses":[86],"semi-structured":[88],"interviews":[89],"with":[90],"management,":[92],"fans":[95,108,122,133],"blockchain":[97],"experts.":[98],"Findings":[99],"Governance":[100],"tokens":[101],"indeed":[102],"foster":[103,153],"fan":[104],"including":[107],"decision-making":[110],"processes.":[111],"is":[115],"meant":[116],"two-way":[119],"communication":[120],"clubs.":[126,205],"benefits":[128],"could":[129],"be":[130,149,187],"overrated,":[131],"describe":[134],"concerns":[135],"about":[136],"increasing":[137],"commercialization":[138],"due":[139],"application":[142],"tokens.":[145],"Thus,":[146],"opportunities":[147],"must":[148],"balanced":[150],"out":[151],"fans.":[158],"Originality/value":[159],"findings":[161],"contribute":[162,195],"extending":[164],"phenomenon":[166],"financing":[171],"model":[172],"results":[180],"show":[181],"how":[182,193],"platforms":[185],"applied":[188],"they":[194],"digital":[201],"world":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2023-04-27T00:00:00"}
