{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366609551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","title":"How to connect energy islands: Trade-offs between hydrogen and electricity infrastructure","display_name":"How to connect energy islands: Trade-offs between hydrogen and electricity infrastructure","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366609551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109565702","display_name":"Applied Energy","issn_l":"0306-2619","issn":["0306-2619","1872-9118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074791083","display_name":"Alexandra L\u00fcth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-0464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-0464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","display_name":"Copenhagen Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04sppb023","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra L\u00fcth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure (CSEI), Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School, Porcel\u00e6nshaven 16A, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-0464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure (CSEI), Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School, Porcel\u00e6nshaven 16A, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Paul E. Seifert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-2636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-2636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul E. Seifert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz\u2019 vei 3, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-2636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz\u2019 vei 3, 7491 Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017126393","display_name":"Ruud Egging","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5061-636X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5061-636X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruud Egging-Bratseth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz\u2019 vei 3, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5061-636X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz\u2019 vei 3, 7491 Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062298037","display_name":"Jens Weibezahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1202-1709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1202-1709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","display_name":"Copenhagen Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04sppb023","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE","DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Weibezahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure (CSEI), Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School, Porcel\u00e6nshaven 16A, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark","Workgroup for Infrastructure Policy (WIP), Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17.Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1202-1709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure (CSEI), Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School, Porcel\u00e6nshaven 16A, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Workgroup for Infrastructure Policy (WIP), Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17.Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074791083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"],"apc_list":{"value":4140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4140},"apc_paid":{"value":4140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4140},"fwci":2.9156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90451802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"341","issue":null,"first_page":"121045","last_page":"121045"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.5532000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.5532000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.41990000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-islands","display_name":"energy islands","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offshore-wind-energy","display_name":"offshore wind energy","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"hydrogen production","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyzer","display_name":"electrolyzer","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-transmission","display_name":"power transmission","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacity-expansion","display_name":"capacity expansion","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-dispatch","display_name":"power system dispatch","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-price","display_name":"hydrogen price","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-price","display_name":"carbon price","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-congestion","display_name":"transmission congestion","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-sea","display_name":"North Sea","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baltic-sea","display_name":"Baltic Sea","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy-integration","display_name":"renewable energy integration","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8735168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61637704","display_name":"Offshore wind power","level":3,"score":0.7232356071472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.7096104025840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6869000792503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162284963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106102","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","level":2,"score":0.5577199459075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5472545027732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.49430131912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.4913393557071686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4769414961338043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7453809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568469","display_name":"Energy carrier","level":3,"score":0.4529508650302887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14518398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12646543","display_name":"Power to gas","level":5,"score":0.4218176603317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3846094012260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.3816801905632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3629762530326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3507935404777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32675063610076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23066753149032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19675293564796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17903083562850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.11851981282234192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.09853368997573853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07856011390686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109565702","display_name":"Applied Energy","issn_l":"0306-2619","issn":["0306-2619","1872-9118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:appene:v:341:y:2023:i:c:s0306261923004099","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261923004099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3110189","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3110189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"341","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-api.cbs.dk:openaire/b639695c-826f-428c-b95f-757a08dc79aa","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10398/b639695c-826f-428c-b95f-757a08dc79aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401458","display_name":"CBS Research Portal (Copenhagen Business School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","host_organization_name":"Copenhagen Business School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"L\u00fcth, A, Seifert, P E, Egging-Bratseth, R & Weibezahn, J 2023, 'How to Connect Energy Islands : Trade-offs between Hydrogen and Electricity Infrastructure', Applied Energy, vol. 341, 121045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109565702","display_name":"Applied Energy","issn_l":"0306-2619","issn":["0306-2619","1872-9118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.9786999821662903}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4601488090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"296205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6728627651","display_name":"Market Design for a Decentralized Integrated European Energy Transformation","funder_award_id":"101025788","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8358035035","display_name":"Open ENergy TRansition ANalyses for a low-carbon Economy","funder_award_id":"835896","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318286","display_name":"Copenhagen Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04sppb023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323669","display_name":"Nordic Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/035jwz470"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1213763534","https://openalex.org/W1729654652","https://openalex.org/W1878645429","https://openalex.org/W1969364949","https://openalex.org/W2059081770","https://openalex.org/W2092090265","https://openalex.org/W2095621979","https://openalex.org/W2260004960","https://openalex.org/W2260702696","https://openalex.org/W2278097970","https://openalex.org/W2280269283","https://openalex.org/W2339639819","https://openalex.org/W2506700101","https://openalex.org/W2509613771","https://openalex.org/W2515518038","https://openalex.org/W2591004793","https://openalex.org/W2609399436","https://openalex.org/W2612243941","https://openalex.org/W2740319643","https://openalex.org/W2792418310","https://openalex.org/W2793094166","https://openalex.org/W2793518841","https://openalex.org/W2793905319","https://openalex.org/W2795682179","https://openalex.org/W2805137640","https://openalex.org/W2808016673","https://openalex.org/W2903011922","https://openalex.org/W2911308999","https://openalex.org/W2915666072","https://openalex.org/W2944610084","https://openalex.org/W2948911500","https://openalex.org/W2949928960","https://openalex.org/W2969602046","https://openalex.org/W2986447351","https://openalex.org/W3003497120","https://openalex.org/W3020811163","https://openalex.org/W3021083257","https://openalex.org/W3035561467","https://openalex.org/W3094408357","https://openalex.org/W3106433268","https://openalex.org/W3123193149","https://openalex.org/W3150955082","https://openalex.org/W3162176030","https://openalex.org/W3183987332","https://openalex.org/W3195614252","https://openalex.org/W3198949838","https://openalex.org/W3216138355","https://openalex.org/W4200256960","https://openalex.org/W4213093501","https://openalex.org/W4234264389","https://openalex.org/W4293193244","https://openalex.org/W4312895954","https://openalex.org/W4316096721","https://openalex.org/W6783129947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7071877672","https://openalex.org/W4389836338","https://openalex.org/W7147486829","https://openalex.org/W4387838791","https://openalex.org/W7165122428","https://openalex.org/W4417471985","https://openalex.org/W4390221919","https://openalex.org/W4388035802","https://openalex.org/W4388446505","https://openalex.org/W4388458939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,129],"light":[1],"of":[2,27,32,39,51,59,99,107,181],"offshore":[3,18,46],"wind":[4,47,124],"expansions":[5],"in":[6,12,152],"the":[7,28,37,57,73,97,105,111,116,177],"North":[8],"and":[9,42,64,91,101,167,179],"Baltic":[10],"Seas":[11],"Europe,":[13],"further":[14],"ideas":[15],"on":[16],"using":[17],"space":[19],"for":[20,61,65,135],"renewable-based":[21],"energy":[22,33,40,77,109,137],"generation":[23],"have":[24],"evolved.":[25],"One":[26],"concepts":[29],"is":[30,132,154],"that":[31,115,149],"islands,":[34],"which":[35],"entails":[36],"placement":[38,50],"conversion":[41],"storage":[43],"equipment":[44],"near":[45],"farms.":[48],"Offshore":[49],"electrolysers":[52,100,153],"will":[53],"cause":[54],"interdependence":[55],"between":[56,75],"availability":[58,106],"electricity":[60,80,92,102,117],"hydrogen":[62,82,157],"production":[63],"power":[66,127],"transmission":[67],"to":[68,95,156,161,174],"shore.":[69],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"investigates":[72],"trade-offs":[74],"integrating":[76],"islands":[78,138],"via":[79,126],"versus":[81],"infrastructure.":[83,145],"We":[84,113,146],"set":[85],"up":[86],"a":[87],"combined":[88],"capacity":[89,150],"expansion":[90],"dispatch":[93],"model":[94],"assess":[96],"role":[98],"cables":[103],"given":[104],"renewable":[108],"from":[110,121],"islands.":[112],"find":[114,148],"system":[118],"benefits":[119],"more":[120,133],"connecting":[122],"close-to-shore":[123],"farms":[125],"cables.":[128],"turn,":[130],"electrolysis":[131],"valuable":[134],"far-away":[136],"as":[139],"it":[140],"avoids":[141],"expensive":[142],"long-distance":[143],"cable":[144],"also":[147],"investment":[151],"sensitive":[155],"prices":[158],"but":[159],"less":[160],"carbon":[162],"prices.":[163],"The":[164],"onshore":[165],"network":[166],"congestion":[168],"caused":[169],"by":[170],"increased":[171],"activity":[172],"close":[173],"shore":[175],"influence":[176],"sizing":[178],"siting":[180],"electrolysers.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-04-23T00:00:00"}