{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366609224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","title":"Personalized 3D-printed frames to reduce leak from N95 filtering facepiece respirators: A prospective crossover trial in health care workers","display_name":"Personalized 3D-printed frames to reduce leak from N95 filtering facepiece respirators: A prospective crossover trial in health care workers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366609224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37084394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150963864","display_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","issn_l":"1545-9624","issn":["1545-9624","1545-9632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471?needAccess=true&role=button","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053367423","display_name":"Darius Chapman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-0178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-0178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Darius Chapman","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032770191","display_name":"Campbell Strong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5623-2563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5623-2563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Campbell Strong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002766265","display_name":"Shahid Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-2640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-2640","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-1870","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-8270"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lauren Richards","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren Richards","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064233451","display_name":"Anand Narayan Ganesan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-3025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-3025"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand N. Ganesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053367423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6508,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84044697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"7","first_page":"304","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12138","display_name":"Occupational Health and Performance","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n95-respirators","display_name":"N95 respirators","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filtering-facepiece-respirators","display_name":"filtering facepiece respirators","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respirator-fit-testing","display_name":"respirator fit testing","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fit-factor","display_name":"fit factor","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-personal-protective-equipment","display_name":"COVID-19 personal protective equipment","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-scanning","display_name":"facial scanning","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-protection","display_name":"respiratory protection","score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-protective-equipment-shortage","display_name":"personal protective equipment shortage","score":0.35499998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158816027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271779","display_name":"Respirator","level":2,"score":0.8619425296783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87813604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899","display_name":"Crossover study","level":4,"score":0.49565374851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4701084494590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.46495282649993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4453325867652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3818647563457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3219994306564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.277925580739975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.18205755949020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.12398636341094971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09709405899047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.09014001488685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000087162","descriptor_name":"N95 Respirators","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012134","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Protective Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016273","descriptor_name":"Occupational Exposure","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018592","descriptor_name":"Cross-Over Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066330","descriptor_name":"Printing, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150963864","display_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","issn_l":"1545-9624","issn":["1545-9624","1545-9632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37084394","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37084394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15459624.2023.2205471?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150963864","display_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","issn_l":"1545-9624","issn":["1545-9624","1545-9632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366609224.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974584502","https://openalex.org/W1992064992","https://openalex.org/W2018762215","https://openalex.org/W2089648548","https://openalex.org/W2772086557","https://openalex.org/W2910108506","https://openalex.org/W3011762316","https://openalex.org/W3013582445","https://openalex.org/W3020029802","https://openalex.org/W3040992168","https://openalex.org/W3046400528","https://openalex.org/W3048424974","https://openalex.org/W3091912491","https://openalex.org/W3098773548","https://openalex.org/W3099891341","https://openalex.org/W3101469053","https://openalex.org/W3110098492","https://openalex.org/W3154938425","https://openalex.org/W3166089035","https://openalex.org/W3174040323","https://openalex.org/W3174148865","https://openalex.org/W3183690414","https://openalex.org/W3201679206","https://openalex.org/W4220785687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399102296","https://openalex.org/W3166089035","https://openalex.org/W4415597548","https://openalex.org/W7172490411","https://openalex.org/W3156138609","https://openalex.org/W4220785687","https://openalex.org/W4289130846","https://openalex.org/W3098773548","https://openalex.org/W4289932815","https://openalex.org/W3212399238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Correctly":[0],"fitting":[1],"N95":[2,28,119,136,147,278,304],"filtering":[3],"facepiece":[4],"respirators":[5],"(FFRs)":[6],"have":[7],"become":[8],"increasingly":[9],"important":[10],"in":[11,38,50,159,321],"health":[12,39],"care":[13,40],"throughout":[14],"the":[15,20,144,155,211,243,260,265,274,303,325],"COVID-19":[16],"pandemic.":[17],"We":[18],"evaluated":[19,263],"hypothesis":[21],"that":[22,111],"personalized":[23,80],"3D-printed":[24,285,308],"frames":[25,110,287,310],"could":[26],"improve":[27,290],"FFRs":[29],"quantitative":[30,129],"fit":[31,130,156,183,291],"test":[32,36,184],"pass":[33,126,185,199,293],"rates":[34,127,186,227,294],"and":[35,88,162,166,228,248,257,295,297,323],"scores":[37],"workers":[41],"(HCWs).":[42],"HCWs":[43,173],"were":[44,71,96,174,230,262],"recruited":[45],"at":[46],"a":[47,75,99,312],"tertiary":[48],"hospital":[49,117],"Adelaide,":[51],"Australia":[52],"(ACTRN":[53],"12622000388718).":[54],"A":[55],"mobile":[56],"iPhone":[57],"camera":[58],"+":[59,146],"app":[60],"was":[61,124,154],"used":[62],"to":[63,78,84,187,191,219,236,277,302,317],"produce":[64,79],"3D":[65,102],"scans":[66],"of":[67,178,213,242,259],"volunteers\u2019":[68],"faces,":[69],"which":[70],"then":[72,107],"imported":[73],"into":[74],"software":[76],"program":[77],"virtual":[81,94],"scaffolds":[82,95],"suited":[83],"each":[85],"user\u2019s":[86],"face":[87,286,309],"their":[89],"unique":[90],"anatomical":[91],"features.":[92],"These":[93],"printed":[97],"on":[98,128],"commercially":[100],"available":[101],"printer,":[103],"producing":[104],"plastic":[105],"(and":[106],"silicone-coated,":[108],"biocompatible)":[109],"can":[112],"be":[113],"fitted":[114],"inside":[115],"existing":[116],"supply":[118],"FFR.":[120],"The":[121,151,176],"primary":[122],"endpoint":[123,153],"improved":[125,231,299],"testing,":[131],"comparing":[132],"participants":[133,142],"wearing":[134,143],"an":[135],"FFR":[137,148,279,305,319],"alone":[138,280],"(control":[139],"1)":[140],"with":[141,210,223,232,264,273],"frame":[145,261,275],"(intervention":[149],"1).":[150],"secondary":[152],"factor":[157],"(FF)":[158],"these":[160],"groups,":[161],"R-COMFI":[163,267],"respirator":[164,268],"comfort":[165,258,269,300],"tolerability":[167],"survey":[168],"scores.":[169],"N":[170],"=":[171,282],"66":[172],"recruited.":[175],"use":[177,212],"intervention":[179,214,233],"1":[180,234,238],"increased":[181],"overall":[182],"62/66":[188],"(93.8%),":[189],"compared":[190,218,235,276,301],"27/66":[192],"(40.9%)":[193],"for":[194,197,239],"controls.":[195],"(OR":[196],"pFF":[198],"20.89":[200],"(95%CI:":[201,216,221],"6.77,":[202],"64.48,":[203],"p":[204],"<":[205,252],"0.001.)":[206],"Average":[207],"FF":[208,229],"increased,":[209],"1\u2013179.0":[215],"164.3,193.7),":[217],"85.2":[220],"70.4,100.0)":[222],"control":[224,237],"1.":[225],"Pass":[226],"all":[240,254],"stages":[241],"fit-test:":[244],"bending,":[245],"talking,":[246],"side-to-side,":[247],"up-down":[249],"motion.":[250],"(p":[251,281],"0.001":[253],"stages).":[255],"Tolerability":[256],"validated":[266],"score,":[270],"showing":[271],"improvement":[272],"0.006).":[283],"Personalized":[284,307],"decrease":[288,318],"leakage,":[289],"testing":[292],"FF,":[296],"provide":[298],"alone.":[306],"represent":[311],"rapidly":[313],"scalable":[314],"new":[315],"technology":[316],"leakage":[320],"HCW":[322],"potentially":[324],"wider":[326],"population.":[327]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-04-23T00:00:00"}
