{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366548622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811763","title":"The Political Economy of AI: Towards Democratic Control of the Means of Prediction","display_name":"The Political Economy of AI: Towards Democratic Control of the Means of Prediction","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366548622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4811763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811763","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050744674","display_name":"Maximilian Kasy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-5179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-5179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Kasy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford","University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 4AU, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 4AU, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050744674"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13696","display_name":"Technology's Impact on Media","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-regulation","display_name":"AI regulation","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy-of-ai","display_name":"political economy of AI","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-fairness","display_name":"algorithmic fairness","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination","display_name":"discrimination","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"inequality","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy","display_name":"privacy","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-governance","display_name":"data governance","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-ownership","display_name":"data ownership","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-alignment","display_name":"value alignment","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainability","display_name":"explainability","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"accountability","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-decision-making","display_name":"automated decision-making","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"automation","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market","display_name":"labor market","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-inequality","display_name":"wage inequality","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-welfare-welfare-economics","display_name":"social welfare (welfare economics)","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6579222679138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6300923228263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5970938205718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5413886904716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5265410542488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.5077382326126099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.504137396812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.48929712176322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4886970818042755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86511162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799101","display_name":"Property rights","level":2,"score":0.4705814719200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4355868697166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.4259820282459259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.41886383295059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4169139564037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.350169837474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.325277715921402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.24155282974243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23849010467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1930796205997467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.15933042764663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15146252512931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.13476714491844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.13057562708854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1038919985294342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4811763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/x7pcy","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/x7pcy","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/x7pcy","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/x7pcy/download","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:amz:wpaper:2023-06","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oms-inet.files.svdcdn.com/production/files/handbook_politicalecon_ai.pdf","pdf_url":"https://oms-inet.files.svdcdn.com/production/files/handbook_politicalecon_ai.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16948","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.iza.org/dp16948.pdf","pdf_url":"https://docs.iza.org/dp16948.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/295971","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/295971","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/295971/1/dp16948.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:osf:socarx:x7pcy_v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/download/643ff39f40b2c10a1de8fd5a/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oxf:wpaper:1014","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e3af912b-a589-4c07-aca0-5fe2c819839e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E0124-4A1-1D4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://osf.io/x7pcy/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:ff13a5fd-6436-4061-ae53-3b595e162cb7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/x7pcy","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4811763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W607505555","https://openalex.org/W1559593144","https://openalex.org/W2027595342","https://openalex.org/W2049934117","https://openalex.org/W2100191101","https://openalex.org/W2103959887","https://openalex.org/W2106022734","https://openalex.org/W2149902237","https://openalex.org/W2263423262","https://openalex.org/W2315423314","https://openalex.org/W2337002970","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2623293810","https://openalex.org/W2892246304","https://openalex.org/W2910103133","https://openalex.org/W2950929549","https://openalex.org/W2974598553","https://openalex.org/W2986211311","https://openalex.org/W3001325760","https://openalex.org/W3034344071","https://openalex.org/W3081243002","https://openalex.org/W3083006799","https://openalex.org/W3100366369","https://openalex.org/W3122059187","https://openalex.org/W3123212791","https://openalex.org/W3124124240","https://openalex.org/W3124401164","https://openalex.org/W3125443750","https://openalex.org/W3127984278","https://openalex.org/W3133953502","https://openalex.org/W3135055153","https://openalex.org/W3185128510","https://openalex.org/W3196927807","https://openalex.org/W4205228770","https://openalex.org/W4230202645","https://openalex.org/W4236156124","https://openalex.org/W4297897894","https://openalex.org/W4298293307","https://openalex.org/W4299515571","https://openalex.org/W4300873794","https://openalex.org/W4388487827","https://openalex.org/W4407713486","https://openalex.org/W6605006787","https://openalex.org/W6632882815","https://openalex.org/W6649904556","https://openalex.org/W6663007783","https://openalex.org/W6677916085","https://openalex.org/W6678087030","https://openalex.org/W6724194559","https://openalex.org/W6724650596","https://openalex.org/W6808764206","https://openalex.org/W6947930820","https://openalex.org/W7058505135","https://openalex.org/W7075292137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7136819508","https://openalex.org/W7172346726","https://openalex.org/W4391871104","https://openalex.org/W4416993044","https://openalex.org/W4399364862","https://openalex.org/W7166589378","https://openalex.org/W4386929865","https://openalex.org/W4405348972","https://openalex.org/W7137899779","https://openalex.org/W3165020102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1,74],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,10,18,79,104,119,124],"regulation":[4],"of":[5,13,46,60,84,121],"artificial":[6],"intelligence":[7],"(AI)":[8],"from":[9],"vantage":[11],"point":[12],"political":[14],"economy,":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17,123,128],"following":[19],"premises:":[20],"(i)":[21,87],"AI":[22,37,47,56,122],"systems":[23,38],"maximize":[24],"a":[25],"single,":[26],"measurable":[27],"objective.":[28],"(ii)":[29,92],"In":[30],"society,":[31],"different":[32,35],"individuals":[33],"have":[34],"objectives.":[36],"generate":[39],"winners":[40],"and":[41,53,63,70,81,90,97,103,110,115,118,127],"losers.":[42],"(iii)":[43,100],"Society-level":[44],"assessments":[45],"require":[48],"trading":[49],"off":[50],"individual":[51],"gains":[52],"losses.":[54],"(iv)":[55,108],"requires":[57],"democratic":[58],"control":[59],"algorithms,":[61],"data,":[62],"computational":[64],"infrastructure,":[65],"to":[66],"align":[67],"algorithm":[68],"objectives":[69],"social":[71,82],"welfare.":[72],"The":[73],"addresses":[75],"several":[76],"debates":[77],"regarding":[78],"ethics":[80],"impact":[83,120],"AI,":[85],"including":[86],"fairness,":[88],"discrimination,":[89],"inequality,":[91],"privacy,":[93],"data":[94,98],"property":[95],"rights,":[96],"governance,":[99],"value":[101],"alignment":[102],"impending":[105],"robot":[106],"apocalypse,":[107],"explainability":[109],"accountability":[111],"for":[112],"automated":[113],"decision-making,":[114],"(v)":[116],"automation":[117],"labor":[125],"market":[126],"wage":[129],"inequality.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2023-04-22T00:00:00"}