{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366384290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2023.3247096","title":"Unexpected Consequences: Global Blackout Experiences and Preventive Solutions","display_name":"Unexpected Consequences: Global Blackout Experiences and Preventive Solutions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366384290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2023.3247096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mpe.2023.3247096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2023.3247096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2023.3247096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205083296","display_name":"IEEE Power and Energy Magazine","issn_l":"1540-7977","issn":["1540-7977","1558-4216"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Power and Energy Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010482811","display_name":"Shinichi Imai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2315-4321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2315-4321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405276344","display_name":"Takaoka TOKO Co., Ltd. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/057vysg69","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405276344"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinichi Imai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Takaoka Toko, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2315-4321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Takaoka Toko, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405276344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015728445","display_name":"Damir Novosel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6825-8425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6825-8425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100301340","display_name":"Quanta Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03symbb61","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100301340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damir Novosel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quanta Technology, Raleigh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quanta Technology, Raleigh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100301340"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109246439","display_name":"Daniel Karlsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9075-871X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9075-871X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Karlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["DNV, Malmo, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DNV, Malmo, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066769072","display_name":"Alexander Apostolov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-7613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-7613"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Apostolov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Omicron, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Omicron, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89103857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"16","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.8568999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.8568999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.11720000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-outages","display_name":"power outages","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-outages","display_name":"cascading outages","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackout-prevention","display_name":"blackout prevention","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-probability-events","display_name":"low-probability events","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-related-outages","display_name":"weather-related outages","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging-equipment","display_name":"aging equipment","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-stress","display_name":"grid stress","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-margin","display_name":"return on sales","score":0.9100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359099","display_name":"Blackout","level":4,"score":0.987092912197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.9131416082382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6843058466911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5076850652694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.48590484261512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4796098470687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.4696000814437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184773241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387400","display_name":"Mains electricity","level":3,"score":0.4612042307853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.4492715895175934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44868361949920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.415129691362381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.35870400071144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3391849994659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.22118309140205383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15852844715118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mpe.2023.3247096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2023.3247096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2023.3247096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205083296","display_name":"IEEE Power and Energy Magazine","issn_l":"1540-7977","issn":["1540-7977","1558-4216"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Power and Energy Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4993000030517578,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1650328378","https://openalex.org/W2117397926","https://openalex.org/W4248924304","https://openalex.org/W4294537037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W167181309","https://openalex.org/W1930560713","https://openalex.org/W4205714008","https://openalex.org/W2915350869","https://openalex.org/W3036536062","https://openalex.org/W4392739409","https://openalex.org/W2158759444","https://openalex.org/W7196973800","https://openalex.org/W4406263242","https://openalex.org/W7120265606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power":[0],"system":[1,92],"blackouts":[2],"result":[3],"in":[4,14,25,63,82,126,128],"complete":[5],"interruption":[6],"of":[7,42,49,68,73],"the":[8,66,103],"electricity":[9],"supply":[10],"to":[11,20,31,94],"all":[12],"consumers":[13],"a":[15,26,40,47,54,59,74,97],"large":[16],"area.":[17],"Systems":[18],"need":[19],"be":[21,112],"planned":[22],"and":[23,32,77,120],"engineered":[24],"way":[27],"that":[28],"minimizes":[29],"exposure":[30],"prevents":[33],"cascading":[34,43,99],"blackouts.":[35],"Blackouts":[36],"are":[37,124],"caused":[38,45,113],"by":[39,46,114],"sequence":[41],"outages":[44],"combination":[48],"multiple":[50,69],"low-probability":[51],"events":[52],"(e.g.,":[53],"transmission":[55],"line":[56],"sagging":[57],"into":[58,96],"tree,":[60],"hidden":[61],"failures":[62],"equipment":[64,79],"protection,":[65],"loss":[67],"generation":[70],"units":[71],"because":[72],"weather":[75],"event,":[76],"aging":[78],"failure)":[80],"occurring":[81],"an":[83],"unanticipated":[84],"or":[85],"unintended":[86],"sequence.":[87],"The":[88],"likelihood":[89],"for":[90],"power":[91],"disturbances":[93],"escalate":[95],"large-scale":[98],"outage":[100],"increases":[101],"when":[102],"grid":[104],"is":[105],"already":[106],"under":[107],"stress.":[108],"This":[109],"stress":[110],"can":[111],"lower":[115],"operational":[116],"margins,":[117],"overloaded":[118],"equipment,":[119],"other":[121],"factors,":[122],"which":[123],"discussed":[125],"detail":[127],"this":[129],"article.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-04-21T00:00:00"}
