{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366209251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","title":"Novel Echinacea formulations for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in adults\u2014A randomized blinded controlled trial","display_name":"Novel Echinacea formulations for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in adults\u2014A randomized blinded controlled trial","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366209251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37138742","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10150997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012060154","display_name":"Johannes Sumer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-9669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-9669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Sumer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Karin Keckeis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karin Keckeis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050143427","display_name":"Giulia Scanferla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Scanferla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021356974","display_name":"Manuel Frischknecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-6359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-6359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Frischknecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075698019","display_name":"Julia Notter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4821-9995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4821-9995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Notter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075719411","display_name":"Ana Steffen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Steffen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077178350","display_name":"Philipp P. Kohler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-8934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-8934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Kohler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113936878","display_name":"Patrick Schmid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018730778","display_name":"Bianca Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1827-3632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1827-3632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119500","display_name":"Luzerner Kantonsspital","ror":"https://ror.org/02zk3am42","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119500"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bianca Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Luzern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Luzern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kerstin Wissel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerstin Wissel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Checkpoint Z\u00fcrich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Checkpoint Z\u00fcrich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080523158","display_name":"Pietro Vernazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-6941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-6941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Vernazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103156779","display_name":"Peter Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2926-2066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2926-2066"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["d.s.h. Statistical Services GmbH, Rohrbach, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"d.s.h. Statistical Services GmbH, Rohrbach, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072910404","display_name":"R Schoop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0473-7697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0473-7697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267908","display_name":"A. Vogel AG (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z1mz580","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland Schoop","raw_affiliation_strings":["A.Vogel AG, Roggwil, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A.Vogel AG, Roggwil, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405267908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002998900","display_name":"Werner C. Albrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0607-7159","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0607-7159"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Werner C. Albrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012060154"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"],"apc_list":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"apc_paid":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"fwci":3.0638,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89629837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"948787","last_page":"948787"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13483","display_name":"Herbal Medicine Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13483","display_name":"Herbal Medicine Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13770","display_name":"Pediatric health and respiratory diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10902","display_name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echinacea-purpurea","display_name":"Echinacea purpurea","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-respiratory-tract-infections","display_name":"acute respiratory infections","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbal-medicine-formulation","display_name":"herbal medicine formulation","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lozenges","display_name":"lozenges","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasal-spray","display_name":"nasal spray","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-clearance","display_name":"viral clearance","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-viruses","display_name":"respiratory viruses","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-duration","display_name":"symptom duration","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-and-tolerability","display_name":"safety and tolerability","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adults","display_name":"adults","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-activity","display_name":"antiviral activity","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-events","display_name":"adverse events","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersensitivity","display_name":"hypersensitivity","score":0.8080000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778225391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249907","display_name":"Echinacea (animal)","level":2,"score":0.9160369634628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994504663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608510","display_name":"Double blinded","level":4,"score":0.7085734605789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6775848865509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6744892597198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776012195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754447","display_name":"Respiratory tract infections","level":3,"score":0.6253169775009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909733438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608510","display_name":"Blinded study","level":2,"score":0.46601206064224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.3839191794395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3565046489238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3307234048843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.328887403011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.20337390899658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.07737347483634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07125928997993469}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10150997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10150997","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10150997/pdf/fmed-10-948787.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Med (Lausanne)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37138742","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37138742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b69a08651e246ed8bca51fdaf1d920c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b69a08651e246ed8bca51fdaf1d920c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 10 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.948787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366209251.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366209251.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68134370","https://openalex.org/W1833340009","https://openalex.org/W1984218383","https://openalex.org/W1986231627","https://openalex.org/W1996289202","https://openalex.org/W2011162259","https://openalex.org/W2055973923","https://openalex.org/W2060500581","https://openalex.org/W2079387436","https://openalex.org/W2091613552","https://openalex.org/W2104104394","https://openalex.org/W2106393500","https://openalex.org/W2109794175","https://openalex.org/W2114506463","https://openalex.org/W2127062009","https://openalex.org/W2154047132","https://openalex.org/W2163713022","https://openalex.org/W2171609823","https://openalex.org/W2172050318","https://openalex.org/W2172204730","https://openalex.org/W2196342997","https://openalex.org/W2300593182","https://openalex.org/W2412931168","https://openalex.org/W2802831895","https://openalex.org/W2924802935","https://openalex.org/W3013994177","https://openalex.org/W3085069628","https://openalex.org/W3112440110","https://openalex.org/W3112642823","https://openalex.org/W3150792096","https://openalex.org/W4220832497","https://openalex.org/W4226323479","https://openalex.org/W4236893243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416633976","https://openalex.org/W1985607069","https://openalex.org/W1987264737","https://openalex.org/W1879828620","https://openalex.org/W7046752223","https://openalex.org/W1823080318","https://openalex.org/W2185770834","https://openalex.org/W3138775118","https://openalex.org/W4226323479","https://openalex.org/W3150792096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Echinacea":[1,23,63,92,339,387],"purpurea":[2],"has":[3],"clinical":[4,128,359,382],"antiviral":[5],"activity":[6],"against":[7],"respiratory":[8,35,142,270,377],"viruses":[9],"and":[10,56,82,97,107,207,214,226,297,309,403],"modulates":[11],"immune":[12],"functions.":[13],"In":[14,40,150,242,333],"this":[15,41],"study,":[16],"we":[17],"compared":[18],"higher":[19,342],"doses":[20,31,343],"of":[21,34,61,70,89,115,130,139,178,201,209,224,327,384],"new":[22,213,247,288,338],"formulations":[24,27,79,104,248,289,340,351],"with":[25,211,267,287,319,335,341],"conventional":[26,103,215,350],"at":[28,191],"lower,":[29],"preventive":[30],"for":[32,73,120,145,190,357],"therapy":[33],"tract":[36],"infections":[37],"(RTIs).":[38],"Methods":[39],"randomized,":[42],"blinded,":[43],"controlled":[44],"trial,":[45],"healthy":[46],"adults":[47,334],"(n":[48],"=":[49,231,237,294,305],"409)":[50],"were":[51,66,188,307],"randomized":[52],"between":[53,311],"November":[54],"2018":[55],"January":[57],"2019":[58],"to":[59,75,127,147,157,173,222,256],"one":[60,193,315],"four":[62],"formulations,":[64,216],"which":[65],"taken":[67,119],"in":[68,205,233,239,250,324,345,352,395],"case":[69],"an":[71,86,268],"RTI":[72,132],"up":[74,146],"10":[76,148,161,198,225,276,366],"days.":[77,149],"New":[78],"A":[80,176,372],"(lozenges)":[81],"B":[83],"(spray)":[84],"delivered":[85,110],"increased":[87],"dose":[88,114,373],"16,800":[90],"mg/d":[91,99],"extract":[93],"during":[94,375],"days":[95,171],"1\u20133":[96],"2,240\u20133,360":[98],"afterward;":[100],"as":[101],"controls,":[102],"C":[105],"(tablets)":[106],"D":[108],"(drops)":[109],"a":[111,151,219,251,320,325],"lower":[112],"daily":[113],"2,400":[116],"mg,":[117],"usually":[118],"prevention.":[121],"The":[122,355,391],"primary":[123],"endpoint":[124],"was":[125,162,203,284,314,361,393],"time":[126,156,221,255],"remission":[129,158,257],"first":[131],"episodes":[133],"based":[134,277],"on":[135,170,278,404],"the":[136,154,166,212,243,328,381,396],"Kaplan\u2013Meier":[137],"analysis":[138],"patient-reported,":[140],"investigator-confirmed,":[141],"symptoms":[143,378],"assessed":[144],"sensitivity":[152,245],"analysis,":[153,235,246],"mean":[155,254],"beyond":[159],"day":[160,197,275,365],"calculated":[163],"by":[164,196,364],"extrapolating":[165],"treatment":[167],"effects":[168],"observed":[169],"7":[172],"10.":[174],"Results":[175],"total":[177],"246":[179],"participants":[180],"(median":[181],"age":[182],"32":[183],"years,":[184],"78%":[185],"female":[186],"participants)":[187],"treated":[189],"least":[192],"RTI.":[194],"Recovery":[195],"(complete":[199],"absence":[200],"symptoms)":[202],"achieved":[204],"56":[206],"44%":[208],"patients":[210],"respectively,":[217],"showing":[218],"median":[220],"recovery":[223,360],"11":[227],"days,":[228,261],"respectively":[229],"(p":[230],"0.10":[232],"intention-to-treat":[234],"p":[236,262,293,304],"0.07":[238],"per-protocol":[240],"analysis).":[241],"extrapolated":[244],"resulted":[249,344],"significantly":[252],"shorter":[253],"(9.6":[258],"vs.":[259,291,302],"11.0":[260],"<":[263],"0.001).":[264],"Among":[265],"those":[266],"identified":[269],"virus,":[271],"viral":[272,347],"clearance":[273,348],"until":[274],"real-time":[279],"PCR":[280],"from":[281],"nasopharyngeal":[282],"swabs":[283],"more":[285],"frequent":[286],"(70":[290],"53%,":[292],"0.046).":[295],"Tolerability":[296],"safety":[298],"(adverse":[299],"events:":[300],"12":[301],"6%,":[303],"0.19)":[306],"good":[308],"similar":[310],"formulations.":[312,388],"There":[313],"severe":[316],"adverse":[317],"event":[318],"potential":[321],"hypersensitivity":[322],"reaction":[323],"recipient":[326],"novel":[329],"spray":[330],"formulation.":[331],"Conclusion":[332],"acute":[336,376],"RTI,":[337],"faster":[346,358],"than":[349],"prophylactic":[353],"dosages.":[354],"trend":[356],"not":[362],"significant":[363],"but":[367],"became":[368],"so":[369],"upon":[370],"extrapolation.":[371],"increase":[374],"might":[379],"improve":[380],"benefits":[383],"orally":[385],"administered":[386],"Trial":[389],"registration":[390],"study":[392],"registered":[394],"Swiss":[397],"National":[398],"Clinical":[399],"Trials":[400],"Portal":[401],"(SNCTP000003069)":[402],"ClinicalTrials.gov":[405],"(NTC03812900;":[406],"URL":[407],"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03812900?cond=echinacea&draw=3&rank=14":[408],").":[409]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-04-19T00:00:00"}