{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4363650859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","title":"The co-morbidity of DSM-V Gambling with DSM-V mental disorders and substance abuse in a Kenyan context of high risk schizophrenia","display_name":"The co-morbidity of DSM-V Gambling with DSM-V mental disorders and substance abuse in a Kenyan context of high risk schizophrenia","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4363650859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37038149","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10084586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94610253","display_name":"BMC Psychiatry","issn_l":"1471-244X","issn":["1471-244X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032462383","display_name":"David Musyimi Ndetei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-4990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-4990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David M. Ndetei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya. dmndetei@amhf.or.ke","Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. dmndetei@amhf.or.ke","World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya. dmndetei@amhf.or.ke","Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya. dmndetei@amhf.or.ke","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. dmndetei@amhf.or.ke","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya. dmndetei@amhf.or.ke","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077556265","display_name":"Victoria Mutiso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8395-6707","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8395-6707"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139331","display_name":"Africa Mental Health Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03bjx6g30","country_code":"KE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139331"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Mutiso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya","World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139331"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069622301","display_name":"Reinpeter Ondeyo Momanyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9059-393X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9059-393X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139331","display_name":"Africa Mental Health Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03bjx6g30","country_code":"KE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139331"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinpeter Momanyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya","World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139331"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073324008","display_name":"Pascalyne Kavesa Nyamai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139331","display_name":"Africa Mental Health Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03bjx6g30","country_code":"KE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139331"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascalyne Nyamai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya","World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139331"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044181510","display_name":"Christine Wayua Musyimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-2959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-2959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139331","display_name":"Africa Mental Health Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03bjx6g30","country_code":"KE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139331"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Musyimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya","World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139331"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066721633","display_name":"Daniel T. Mamah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-3175","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-3175"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Mamah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032462383"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":2.0327,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84831074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"239","last_page":"239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11705","display_name":"Gambling Behavior and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11705","display_name":"Gambling Behavior and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gambling-disorder","display_name":"gambling addiction","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-disorders","display_name":"mental illness","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-use-disorders","display_name":"substance use disorders","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antisocial-personality-disorder","display_name":"antisocial personality disorder","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conduct-disorder","display_name":"conduct disorder","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-use","display_name":"tobacco use","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.39899998903274536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.7150856256484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40010229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Substance abuse","level":2,"score":0.6600818634033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6519426107406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6247193217277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781406353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064664","display_name":"DSM-5","level":2,"score":0.5355413556098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780135496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596474","display_name":"Conduct disorder","level":2,"score":0.5253676176071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.4847430884838104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910634771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748309","display_name":"Gambling disorder","level":3,"score":0.48355671763420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.48123955726623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145734003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7242342","display_name":"Prevalence of mental disorders","level":3,"score":0.4728941023349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187651312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114","display_name":"Kenya","level":2,"score":0.4716457724571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.46622705459594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.44357359409332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779442783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15326","display_name":"Alcohol use disorder","level":3,"score":0.42586591839790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.4232962131500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.33665770292282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.11798742413520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.08520734310150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005715","descriptor_name":"Gambling","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005715","descriptor_name":"Gambling","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009017","descriptor_name":"Morbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039721","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94610253","display_name":"BMC Psychiatry","issn_l":"1471-244X","issn":["1471-244X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10084586","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10084586","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10084586/pdf/12888_2023_Article_4738.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37038149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37038149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wustl.edu:oa_4-3837","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/oa_4/2859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400764","display_name":"Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","host_organization_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2020-Current year OA Pubs","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d7d323ed1f0452b8c5f93cdd43fa4f8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d7d323ed1f0452b8c5f93cdd43fa4f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Psychiatry, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12888-023-04738-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94610253","display_name":"BMC Psychiatry","issn_l":"1471-244X","issn":["1471-244X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000920280","display_name":"Clinical and Biomarker-Based Trajectories of Psychosis-Risk Populations in Kenya","funder_award_id":"R01MH127571","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4363650859.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4363650859.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1431942937","https://openalex.org/W1523778590","https://openalex.org/W1851740361","https://openalex.org/W1968246306","https://openalex.org/W1969004360","https://openalex.org/W2016693718","https://openalex.org/W2791001044","https://openalex.org/W2973765127","https://openalex.org/W2998766705","https://openalex.org/W3160983020","https://openalex.org/W4205603218","https://openalex.org/W4206251871","https://openalex.org/W4206996603","https://openalex.org/W4210858381","https://openalex.org/W4247665917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6939615013","https://openalex.org/W4403824918","https://openalex.org/W2790265579","https://openalex.org/W7128004493","https://openalex.org/W4415462200","https://openalex.org/W4295037458","https://openalex.org/W3204864213","https://openalex.org/W2333102854","https://openalex.org/W2809835114","https://openalex.org/W2016693718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"There":[1,186],"is":[2,168,178,187],"evidence":[3],"that":[4],"gambling":[5,25,45,89,125,164,194],"disorder":[6,46,90,137,154],"shares":[7],"similarities":[8],"with":[9,26,47,180],"other":[10],"types":[11],"of":[12,24,43,109,116,121,163,193],"addictive":[13],"behavior,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"occurs":[17],"in":[18,32,54,61,113,171],"substance":[19,52,92,184],"abuse.":[20],"In":[21],"addition,":[22],"co-morbidity":[23],"mental":[27,49,181],"disorders":[28,50,94,182],"has":[29],"been":[30],"established":[31],"school-going":[33],"students.":[34,76],"AIM:":[35],"This":[36,64],"study":[37,68],"aimed":[38],"at":[39,175],"determining":[40],"the":[41,96,114],"comorbidity":[42],"DSM-V":[44,48,85,88,124],"and":[51,58,74,91,101,152,177,183],"abuse":[53],"high":[55,71],"school,":[56,72],"college":[57,73],"university":[59,75],"students":[60,111],"Kenya.":[62],"METHODS:":[63],"was":[65],"a":[66,188],"cross-sectional":[67],"among":[69,195],"536":[70,110],"We":[77],"collected":[78],"data":[79],"on":[80],"socio-demographic":[81],"characteristics,":[82],"economic":[83],"indicators,":[84],"diagnosis":[86],"including":[87],"use":[93,145],"using":[95],"WHO":[97],"ASSIST":[98],"tool.":[99],"Descriptive":[100],"inferential":[102],"analyses":[103],"were":[104,161],"done.":[105],"RESULTS:":[106],"A":[107],"total":[108],"participated":[112],"study,":[115],"which":[117],"11.4%":[118,176],"(61":[119],"out":[120],"536)":[122],"had":[123],"disorder.":[126,165],"Male":[127],"gender":[128],"(AOR":[129,138,146,155],"=":[130,139,147,156],"12.0,":[131],"95%":[132,141,149,158],"CI:":[133,142,150,159],"4.99-34.3),":[134],"antisocial":[135],"personality":[136],"3.42,":[140],"1.34-8.54),":[143],"tobacco":[144],"4.42,":[148],"1.15-18.3)":[151],"conduct":[153],"7.56,":[157],"2.34-25.1)":[160],"predictors":[162],"CONCLUSION:":[166],"Gambling":[167],"highly":[169],"prevalent":[170],"Kenya":[172],"learning":[173],"institutions":[174],"associated":[179],"use.":[185],"need":[189],"for":[190],"public":[191],"awareness":[192],"Kenyan":[196],"youths.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-04-11T00:00:00"}