{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362015334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","title":"A Convolutional Neural Network Model for Wheat Crop Disease Prediction","display_name":"A Convolutional Neural Network Model for Wheat Crop Disease Prediction","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362015334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.035498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033322923","display_name":"Mahmood Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-3406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-3406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305695959","display_name":"Bacha Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an6vg71","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29698356","display_name":"HITEC University","ror":"https://ror.org/013d87239","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["PK","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmood Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959","https://openalex.org/I29698356","https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101430661","display_name":"Mohammad Yasir Bin Taleb Abrar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-0573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-0573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305695959","display_name":"Bacha Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an6vg71","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29698356","display_name":"HITEC University","ror":"https://ror.org/013d87239","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["PK","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Abrar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959","https://openalex.org/I29698356","https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029594206","display_name":"Nauman Qadeer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-0435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-0435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305695959","display_name":"Bacha Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an6vg71","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29698356","display_name":"HITEC University","ror":"https://ror.org/013d87239","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["PK","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nauman Qadeer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959","https://openalex.org/I29698356","https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059854961","display_name":"Abdulrahman A. Alshdadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9815-0319","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9815-0319"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305695959","display_name":"Bacha Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an6vg71","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29698356","display_name":"HITEC University","ror":"https://ror.org/013d87239","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["PK","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman A. Alshdadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959","https://openalex.org/I29698356","https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080862470","display_name":"Thabit Sabbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5770-7339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5770-7339"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305695959","display_name":"Bacha Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an6vg71","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29698356","display_name":"HITEC University","ror":"https://ror.org/013d87239","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["PK","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thabit Sabbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959","https://openalex.org/I29698356","https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710942","display_name":"Muhammad Attique Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-4890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-4890","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2023-6980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305695959","display_name":"Bacha Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an6vg71","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29698356","display_name":"HITEC University","ror":"https://ror.org/013d87239","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["PK","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Attique Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 24461, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, 45570, Pakistan 4 Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia 5 Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Al-Bireh, 1804, Palestine 6 Department of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959","https://openalex.org/I29698356","https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8775,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94115429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"2","first_page":"3867","last_page":"3882"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease-classification","display_name":"plant disease classification","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network-architecture","display_name":"convolutional neural network architecture","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightweight-convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"lightweight convolutional neural network","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set-size","display_name":"training data size","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-yield-loss","display_name":"wheat yield loss","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.9433475136756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7730449438095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6305318474769592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5590904355049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5332837700843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.5265712738037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.526038646697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47469040751457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4533315598964691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989409935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Crop production","level":3,"score":0.44145360589027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4363253116607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.42385855317115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3411487340927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3334496021270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19520467519760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.18105733394622803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1477346122264862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.087185800075531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0825033187866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07059112191200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.035498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.958299994468689}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2730129132","https://openalex.org/W2735962203","https://openalex.org/W2774245783","https://openalex.org/W2803323658","https://openalex.org/W2808396173","https://openalex.org/W2808545561","https://openalex.org/W2808709127","https://openalex.org/W2914497924","https://openalex.org/W2921029329","https://openalex.org/W2943036395","https://openalex.org/W2955365692","https://openalex.org/W2956274063","https://openalex.org/W2995187556","https://openalex.org/W2995905903","https://openalex.org/W3000197790","https://openalex.org/W3005607320","https://openalex.org/W3012657291","https://openalex.org/W3016537670","https://openalex.org/W3024266336","https://openalex.org/W3027994476","https://openalex.org/W3081995103","https://openalex.org/W3082480853","https://openalex.org/W3088179066","https://openalex.org/W3099698445","https://openalex.org/W3126087996","https://openalex.org/W3130071898","https://openalex.org/W3216854021","https://openalex.org/W4221076253","https://openalex.org/W4223961890","https://openalex.org/W4226210348","https://openalex.org/W4283781973","https://openalex.org/W4284670866","https://openalex.org/W4285323922","https://openalex.org/W4295414206","https://openalex.org/W4296532116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7203762272","https://openalex.org/W4386074523","https://openalex.org/W7214941465","https://openalex.org/W4313443719","https://openalex.org/W4322486461","https://openalex.org/W7143389827","https://openalex.org/W7134807955","https://openalex.org/W4387971336","https://openalex.org/W4312954044","https://openalex.org/W4391936439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wheat":[0],"is":[1,34,57,100],"the":[2,15,23,28,37,48,69,128,192,195,203],"most":[3],"important":[4],"cereal":[5],"crop,":[6],"and":[7,45,72,83,113,134,147,183,209],"its":[8],"low":[9,43],"production":[10,44],"incurs":[11],"import":[12],"pressure":[13],"on":[14],"economy.":[16,50],"It":[17],"fulfills":[18],"a":[19,85,94,153,220],"significant":[20],"portion":[21],"of":[22,27,36,54,74,88,175,194],"daily":[24],"energy":[25],"requirements":[26],"human":[29,139],"body.":[30],"The":[31,62,122,141,159,198,215],"wheat":[32,55,119,230],"disease":[33],"one":[35],"major":[38],"factors":[39],"that":[40,102,202,219],"result":[41],"in":[42,68,130],"negatively":[46],"affects":[47],"national":[49],"Thus,":[51],"timely":[52],"detection":[53],"diseases":[56,120,231],"necessary":[58],"for":[59,161],"improving":[60],"production.":[61],"CNN-based":[63],"architectures":[64],"showed":[65],"tremendous":[66],"achievement":[67],"image-based":[70],"classification":[71],"prediction":[73],"crop":[75],"diseases.":[76],"However,":[77],"these":[78],"models":[79],"are":[80,165,177,188],"computationally":[81],"expensive":[82],"need":[84],"large":[86],"amount":[87],"training":[89,223],"data.":[90],"In":[91,169],"this":[92,170],"research,":[93,171],"light":[95],"weighted":[96],"modified":[97],"CNN":[98],"architecture":[99],"proposed":[101,196],"uses":[103,152],"eight":[104],"layers":[105,143,164],"particularly,":[106],"three":[107,110,138,172],"convolutional":[108,142,163],"layers,":[109,112,116],"SoftMax":[111],"two":[114],"flattened":[115],"to":[117,167,190],"detect":[118,229],"effectively.":[121],"high-resolution":[123,226],"images":[124,227],"were":[125],"collected":[126],"from":[127],"fields":[129],"Azad":[131],"Kashmir":[132],"(Pakistan)":[133],"manually":[135],"annotated":[136],"by":[137],"experts.":[140],"use":[144],"16,":[145],"32,":[146],"64":[148],"filters.":[149],"Every":[150],"filter":[151],"3":[154,156],"\u00d7":[155],"kernel":[157],"size.":[158],"strides":[160],"all":[162],"set":[166,224],"1.":[168],"different":[173],"variants":[174,180],"datasets":[176,211],"used.":[178],"These":[179],"S1-70%:15%:15%,":[181],"S2-75%:15%:10%,":[182],"S3-80%:10%:10%":[184],"(train:":[185],"validation:":[186],"test)":[187],"used":[189],"evaluate":[191],"performance":[193],"model.":[197],"extensive":[199,222],"experiments":[200],"revealed":[201],"S3":[204],"performed":[205],"better":[206],"than":[207],"S1":[208],"S2":[210],"with":[212,225],"93%":[213],"accuracy.":[214],"experiment":[216],"also":[217],"concludes":[218],"more":[221,232],"can":[228],"accurately.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2023-04-05T00:00:00"}
