{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361294845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","title":"Structural Behavior of Hollow Beam Reinforced with Different types of GFRP stirrups","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Hollow Beam Reinforced with Different types of GFRP stirrups","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361294845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","pdf_url":"https://tj-es.com/ojs/index.php/tjes/article/download/823/1009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764557316","display_name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","issn_l":"1813-162X","issn":["1813-162X","2312-7589"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319171","host_organization_name":"University of Tikrit","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319171"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Tikrit"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tj-es.com/ojs/index.php/tjes/article/download/823/1009","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061835829","display_name":"Ammar K. Badawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3246-3980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3246-3980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72539421","display_name":"University of Tikrit","ror":"https://ror.org/01zfzax10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar K. Badawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3246-3980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018771852","display_name":"Yasser I. O. Yahia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0645-0837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0645-0837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63327873","display_name":"Gulf University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dfpjy51","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63327873"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yasser I. O. Yahia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Architectural and Interior Design Department/ Engineering College/Gulf University /Sanad 26489/Bahrain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0645-0837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architectural and Interior Design Department/ Engineering College/Gulf University /Sanad 26489/Bahrain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63327873"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079384722","display_name":"Aziz Ibrahim Abdulla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-2350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-2350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72539421","display_name":"University of Tikrit","ror":"https://ror.org/01zfzax10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aziz I. Abdulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-2350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018771852","https://openalex.org/A5079384722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63327873","https://openalex.org/I72539421"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1033,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73940245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"72","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gfrp-stirrups","display_name":"GFRP stirrups","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frp-reinforcement","display_name":"FRP reinforcement","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-compacting-concrete","display_name":"self-compacting concrete","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforced-concrete-beams","display_name":"reinforced concrete beams","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-load-carrying-capacity","display_name":"ultimate load capacity","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-corrosion","display_name":"reinforcement corrosion","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76344452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263125","display_name":"Fibre-reinforced plastic","level":2,"score":0.9489403367042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.8257795572280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.7286368608474731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6805488467216492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6709662675857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988805333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184190","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","level":2,"score":0.6271021366119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5714191198348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.5048633217811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1826445460319519}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","pdf_url":"https://tj-es.com/ojs/index.php/tjes/article/download/823/1009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764557316","display_name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","issn_l":"1813-162X","issn":["1813-162X","2312-7589"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319171","host_organization_name":"University of Tikrit","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319171"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Tikrit"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ed6c160c1d94a12849ac027fb0725c9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ed6c160c1d94a12849ac027fb0725c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol 30, Iss 1 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.7","pdf_url":"https://tj-es.com/ojs/index.php/tjes/article/download/823/1009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764557316","display_name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","issn_l":"1813-162X","issn":["1813-162X","2312-7589"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319171","host_organization_name":"University of Tikrit","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319171"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Tikrit"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317956","display_name":"Tikrit University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zfzax10"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361294845.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361294845.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000197512","https://openalex.org/W2026513814","https://openalex.org/W2049558863","https://openalex.org/W2050505837","https://openalex.org/W2075664889","https://openalex.org/W2248580250","https://openalex.org/W2339981483","https://openalex.org/W2503772158","https://openalex.org/W2727247081","https://openalex.org/W2911710334","https://openalex.org/W2966258288","https://openalex.org/W3006905553","https://openalex.org/W3009530085","https://openalex.org/W3044049087","https://openalex.org/W3131721179","https://openalex.org/W3214743689","https://openalex.org/W4285332228","https://openalex.org/W4308993944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2802418711","https://openalex.org/W3187729089","https://openalex.org/W3186710883","https://openalex.org/W7000100297","https://openalex.org/W2982494973","https://openalex.org/W4413896202","https://openalex.org/W1802197054","https://openalex.org/W4388077329","https://openalex.org/W4407232470","https://openalex.org/W7162524436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,116,158],"structure":[1],"could":[2],"be":[3],"impacted":[4],"by":[5,184,205,228],"concrete's":[6],"steel":[7,122,171,181],"reinforcement":[8,172,193,216],"corroding.":[9],"When":[10],"exceptional":[11],"corrosion":[12],"resistance":[13],"capabilities":[14],"are":[15,43,147],"required,":[16],"fiber-reinforced":[17],"polymer":[18],"(FRP)":[19],"reinforcements":[20],"offer":[21],"a":[22,33,151,166,176,187,197,208,220],"practical":[23],"choice":[24],"for":[25],"constructions":[26],"exposed":[27],"to":[28,46,64,114],"hostile":[29],"environments.":[30],"However,":[31],"only":[32],"small":[34],"number":[35],"of":[36,57,67,105,165],"the":[37,55,58,65,125,134,162],"building's":[38],"most":[39],"important":[40],"structural":[41,78],"components":[42],"currently":[44],"permitted":[45],"use":[47],"FRP":[48,73],"bars":[49,123,131,143],"as":[50],"interior":[51],"concrete":[52,81,149],"reinforcement,":[53],"leaving":[54],"rest":[56],"building":[59],"unprotected.":[60],"This":[61],"is":[62,173,194,217],"due":[63],"lack":[66],"available":[68],"curved":[69],"or":[70],"shaped":[71],"reinforcing":[72,121,129,190],"pieces,":[74],"which":[75],"have":[76],"subpar":[77],"performance.":[79],"Eighteen":[80],"beams":[82,97,146],"with":[83,98,139,150,154,170,180,191,201,213,224],"dimensions":[84,155],"(1200\u00d7225\u00d7150)":[85],"mm":[86],"were":[87],"divided":[88],"into":[89],"three":[90,99],"groups":[91],"and":[92,101,110,133,186,207],"each":[93,108],"group":[94,109,118,127,136],"had":[95],"five":[96,102],"References":[100],"different":[103],"types":[104],"stirrups":[106],"in":[107],"tested":[111],"them":[112],"up":[113],"failure.":[115],"first":[117],"included":[119],"longitudinal":[120,128,137,152],"6\u00d810mm,":[124,132],"second":[126],"GFRP":[130,192,202,225],"third":[135],"reinforced":[138,169,179,200,212,223],"hybrid":[140,211],"(3steel+":[141],"3GFRP)":[142],"6\u00d810mm.":[144],"All":[145],"self-compacting":[148],"hollow":[153,167,188,209],"(50\u00d7100)":[156],"mm.":[157],"results":[159],"showed":[160],"that":[161],"ultimate":[163],"load":[164],"beam":[168,178,189,199,210,222],"less":[174,195,218],"than":[175,196,219],"solid":[177,198,221],"(reference":[182,203,226],"1)":[183],"(15%)":[185],"2)":[204],"(5%),":[206],"(Steel+":[214],"GFRP)":[215],"3)":[227],"(4%).":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-03-31T00:00:00"}