{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4353087404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640231158596","title":"Board Gender Diversity and Nonprofit CEO Compensation: Implications for Gender Pay Gap","display_name":"Board Gender Diversity and Nonprofit CEO Compensation: Implications for Gender Pay Gap","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4353087404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640231158596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/08997640231158596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640231158596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640231158596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168572994","display_name":"Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly","issn_l":"0094-0607","issn":["0094-0607","0899-7640","1552-7395"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449458","display_name":"Young\u2010Joo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-9879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-9879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young-joo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-9879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100449458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"],"apc_list":{"value":3250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95842089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"1","first_page":"257","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11120","display_name":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-gender-diversity","display_name":"board gender diversity","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonprofit-governance","display_name":"nonprofit governance","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonprofit-executives","display_name":"nonprofit executives","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceo-gender","display_name":"CEO gender","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/501-c-3-organizations","display_name":"501(c)(3) organizations","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-diversity","display_name":"racial and ethnic diversity","score":0.722000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778397978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501335","display_name":"Gender diversity","level":3,"score":0.8867364525794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151392489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419946","display_name":"Executive compensation","level":3,"score":0.7561882734298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986265317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484876","display_name":"Chief executive officer","level":2,"score":0.6469249725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5979039072990417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5860451459884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5737639665603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5174389481544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.49266892671585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779674044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048886","display_name":"Glass ceiling","level":2,"score":0.4879993498325348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.4697231352329254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.45295557379722595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.43980610370635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777189325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61022630","display_name":"Officer","level":2,"score":0.43811506032943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3588266372680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.33665406703948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32052505016326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2786106765270233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.16732385754585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14807328581809998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14110562205314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.07658794522285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/08997640231158596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640231158596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640231158596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168572994","display_name":"Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly","issn_l":"0094-0607","issn":["0094-0607","0899-7640","1552-7395"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9444000124931335,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W376643806","https://openalex.org/W1990295710","https://openalex.org/W1991668454","https://openalex.org/W2013686149","https://openalex.org/W2057508712","https://openalex.org/W2061100441","https://openalex.org/W2066552145","https://openalex.org/W2067873627","https://openalex.org/W2075534447","https://openalex.org/W2090358824","https://openalex.org/W2096709317","https://openalex.org/W2099923409","https://openalex.org/W2114001415","https://openalex.org/W2118723788","https://openalex.org/W2121751783","https://openalex.org/W2151765003","https://openalex.org/W2154380314","https://openalex.org/W2155039226","https://openalex.org/W2155816699","https://openalex.org/W2164344376","https://openalex.org/W2237797522","https://openalex.org/W2307413927","https://openalex.org/W2567289819","https://openalex.org/W2575546035","https://openalex.org/W2576375577","https://openalex.org/W2754909501","https://openalex.org/W2767429401","https://openalex.org/W2785965452","https://openalex.org/W2789489579","https://openalex.org/W2886619852","https://openalex.org/W2897138514","https://openalex.org/W2902924978","https://openalex.org/W2910226242","https://openalex.org/W2911751579","https://openalex.org/W2917661356","https://openalex.org/W2951251937","https://openalex.org/W2953832228","https://openalex.org/W2972110252","https://openalex.org/W2982662624","https://openalex.org/W2984141119","https://openalex.org/W2989793708","https://openalex.org/W2998011541","https://openalex.org/W2999498886","https://openalex.org/W3035817764","https://openalex.org/W3087693607","https://openalex.org/W3099446951","https://openalex.org/W3123142037","https://openalex.org/W3123323948","https://openalex.org/W3130489229","https://openalex.org/W3166318074","https://openalex.org/W3170864864","https://openalex.org/W3203342465","https://openalex.org/W3213080820","https://openalex.org/W4211204547","https://openalex.org/W4213160818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297907283","https://openalex.org/W4401933035","https://openalex.org/W4390663527","https://openalex.org/W2917661356","https://openalex.org/W4283830509","https://openalex.org/W4414057690","https://openalex.org/W2897755919","https://openalex.org/W3087693607","https://openalex.org/W7047235004","https://openalex.org/W4400447175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examines":[2],"how":[3],"gender":[4,73,84,97],"diversity":[5,74],"on":[6,38,61,82,90],"nonprofit":[7,101],"boards":[8,62,92],"relates":[9],"to":[10,94,108],"chief":[11],"executive":[12],"officer":[13],"(CEO)":[14],"compensation":[15,45,80],"using":[16],"data":[17],"of":[18,27,111],"1,835":[19],"501(c)(3)":[20],"organizations":[21],"with":[22],"the":[23,68,96],"GuideStar":[24],"Platinum":[25],"Seal":[26],"Transparency.":[28],"The":[29],"analysis":[30],"reveals":[31],"a":[32,39,55],"positive":[33],"association":[34],"between":[35,58],"women\u2019s":[36,47,59],"representation":[37,60],"governing":[40,91],"board":[41,72],"and":[42,63,85,115],"female":[43],"CEO":[44,65,79,83],"until":[46],"proportion":[48],"reaches":[49],"82%.":[50],"By":[51],"contrast,":[52],"there":[53],"is":[54],"negative":[56],"relationship":[57],"male":[64],"compensation.":[66],"Overall,":[67],"findings":[69,104],"suggest":[70],"that":[71,86],"has":[75],"distinctive":[76],"implications":[77],"for":[78,100],"depending":[81],"having":[87],"more":[88],"women":[89],"contributes":[93],"closing":[95],"pay":[98],"gap":[99],"executives.":[102],"These":[103],"can":[105],"be":[106],"applied":[107],"other":[109],"dimensions":[110],"diversity,":[112],"including":[113],"racial":[114],"ethnic":[116],"diversity.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2023-03-23T00:00:00"}