{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4352987698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2013.10.2.4","title":"Push and Pull Factors in Rural Filipino Youth's Outmigration from Agricultural Communities","display_name":"Push and Pull Factors in Rural Filipino Youth's Outmigration from Agricultural Communities","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4352987698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2013.10.2.4","mag":"1546280467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37801/ajad2013.10.2.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2013.10.2.4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2013.10.2.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205943","display_name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","issn_l":"1656-4383","issn":["1656-4383","2599-3879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199418","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009057986","display_name":"Jaime Albarillo Manalo IV","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3999-6661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3999-6661"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Manalo IV","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004994620","display_name":"Elske van de Fliert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7241-7994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7241-7994"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elske van de Fliert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"59","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.7720000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.7720000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13618","display_name":"Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends","score":0.12809999287128448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12098","display_name":"Rural development and sustainability","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/push-and-pull-factors","display_name":"push and pull factors","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-farming-communities","display_name":"rice farming communities","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmers-children","display_name":"farmers' children","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-to-urban-migration","display_name":"rural-urban migration","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-migration","display_name":"return migration","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-labor","display_name":"agricultural labor","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albay","display_name":"Albay","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.824822723865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781095836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187937","display_name":"Photovoice","level":2,"score":0.806442379951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5570070147514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.5426985621452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4893891215324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48818641901016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4520636796951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4111034870147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.26331719756126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21448954939842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19104701280593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37801/ajad2013.10.2.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2013.10.2.4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2013.10.2.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205943","display_name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","issn_l":"1656-4383","issn":["1656-4383","2599-3879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:phajad:199418","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199418/files/AJAD_2013_10_2_4Manalo.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199418/files/AJAD_2013_10_2_4Manalo.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:199418","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199418","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199418","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:1546280467","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205943","display_name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","issn_l":"1656-4383","issn":["1656-4383","2599-3879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sag:seajad:v:10:y:2013:i:2:p:59-73","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ajad.searca.org/article?p=441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.199418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.199418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.199418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:199418","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199418","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/199418","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4352987698.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4352987698.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560325845","https://openalex.org/W1988456009","https://openalex.org/W2025140350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986487900","https://openalex.org/W4416232724","https://openalex.org/W4407587703","https://openalex.org/W6887776829","https://openalex.org/W7219991761","https://openalex.org/W2150622661","https://openalex.org/W4298944942","https://openalex.org/W7071030589","https://openalex.org/W2966985144","https://openalex.org/W6906602241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rural":[0],"youth":[1,21,64,88],"outmigration":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,121],"phenomenon":[5],"that":[6],"can":[7,75,176],"change":[8],"the":[9,61,141,179,184],"agricultural":[10],"landscape":[11],"of":[12,63],"farming":[13,38,169,187],"communities.":[14],"The":[15],"Philippines":[16],"has":[17],"witnessed":[18],"an":[19],"unprecedented":[20],"exodus":[22],"from":[23],"rural":[24,142,161],"to":[25,80,90,114,124,127,136,154,160,166,170,182],"urban":[26],"areas":[27,143,162],"in":[28,36,40,55,66,168],"past":[29],"decades.":[30],"This":[31,58,95],"paper":[32,59],"explored":[33],"this":[34,56],"issue":[35],"rice":[37,186],"communities":[39],"two":[41],"Philippine":[42],"provinces,":[43],"Aurora":[44],"and":[45,69,105,109,144],"Albay.":[46],"Sixty-eight":[47],"farmers\u2019":[48],"children":[49],"aged":[50],"13\u201321":[51],"years":[52],"old":[53],"participated":[54],"research.":[57],"analyzed":[60],"level":[62],"involvement":[65],"farm":[67],"work":[68],"their":[70,78,128,172],"perceptions":[71],"on":[72],"farming,":[73],"which":[74],"ultimately":[76],"inform":[77],"decision":[79],"migrate":[81,91,115],"or":[82],"continue":[83],"farming.":[84],"Parental":[85],"discourses":[86],"influencing":[87],"decisions":[89],"were":[92,116],"then":[93],"investigated.":[94],"research":[96],"used":[97],"mobility":[98],"maps,":[99],"time":[100],"transects,":[101],"photovoice":[102],"outputs,":[103],"in-depth":[104],"key":[106],"informant":[107],"interviews,":[108],"group":[110],"discussions.":[111],"While":[112],"intentions":[113],"high,":[117],"young":[118],"individuals":[119],"had":[120],"strong":[122],"desire":[123],"remain":[125],"connected":[126],"family\u2019s":[129],"farms.":[130],"Hence,":[131],"policymakers":[132],"would":[133],"do":[134],"well":[135],"assist":[137],"those":[138,155],"who":[139,156],"leave":[140],"return":[145,159],"after":[146],"some":[147],"time.":[148],"Equal":[149],"attention":[150],"should":[151],"be":[152],"given":[153],"may":[157],"not":[158],"but":[163],"are":[164],"willing":[165],"invest":[167],"employ":[171],"poor":[173],"relatives.":[174],"Migrants":[175],"often":[177],"raise":[178],"resources":[180],"needed":[181],"finance":[183],"input-intensive":[185],"operations.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-03-23T00:00:00"}
