{"id":"https://openalex.org/W434194433","doi":null,"title":"Effect of Independent Reading on Fourth Graders' Vocabulary, Fluency, and Comprehension","display_name":"Effect of Independent Reading on Fourth Graders' Vocabulary, Fluency, and Comprehension","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W434194433","mag":"434194433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:434194433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etd.auburn.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10415/1057/Williams_Cathy_38.pdf?sequence=1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071284300","display_name":"Cathy Harris Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cathy Harris Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071284300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13061","display_name":"Literacy and Educational Practices","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-reading","display_name":"independent reading","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-development","display_name":"vocabulary development","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-fluency","display_name":"reading fluency","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourth-grade-students","display_name":"fourth grade","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-reading-instruction","display_name":"early reading instruction","score":0.8090000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.8788267374038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.6963339447975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6161773800849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5371853113174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5286959409713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4991910457611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.38001877069473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.37391310930252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35082483291625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.33630892634391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.04033404588699341}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:434194433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etd.auburn.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10415/1057/Williams_Cathy_38.pdf?sequence=1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57095465","https://openalex.org/W139549696","https://openalex.org/W191423966","https://openalex.org/W325614743","https://openalex.org/W651406934","https://openalex.org/W1494420179","https://openalex.org/W1506198229","https://openalex.org/W1512618164","https://openalex.org/W1521017066","https://openalex.org/W1564697174","https://openalex.org/W1573379578","https://openalex.org/W1587940990","https://openalex.org/W1591354983","https://openalex.org/W1774715193","https://openalex.org/W1784133786","https://openalex.org/W1964047328","https://openalex.org/W1972784059","https://openalex.org/W1977907376","https://openalex.org/W1985822707","https://openalex.org/W1987397941","https://openalex.org/W1990451873","https://openalex.org/W2020159140","https://openalex.org/W2027676989","https://openalex.org/W2031755803","https://openalex.org/W2039107287","https://openalex.org/W2046115281","https://openalex.org/W2049329776","https://openalex.org/W2049826494","https://openalex.org/W2058775158","https://openalex.org/W2061667562","https://openalex.org/W2065972270","https://openalex.org/W2074797086","https://openalex.org/W2084015864","https://openalex.org/W2087557233","https://openalex.org/W2089554220","https://openalex.org/W2093024483","https://openalex.org/W2093308707","https://openalex.org/W2131404629","https://openalex.org/W2132075912","https://openalex.org/W2153335299","https://openalex.org/W2155502163","https://openalex.org/W2157611928","https://openalex.org/W2166735162","https://openalex.org/W2321575885","https://openalex.org/W2522177118","https://openalex.org/W2887867724","https://openalex.org/W2994238474","https://openalex.org/W2995887879","https://openalex.org/W3216355435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898844772","https://openalex.org/W3196166668","https://openalex.org/W1539042886","https://openalex.org/W2542112855","https://openalex.org/W2979325589","https://openalex.org/W2103973629","https://openalex.org/W2966230636","https://openalex.org/W2972232152","https://openalex.org/W3011091992","https://openalex.org/W2975466323"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
