{"id":"https://openalex.org/W43350778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.4.2.103","title":"Research Design in Sport Management: What\u2019s Missing, What\u2019s Needed?","display_name":"Research Design in Sport Management: What\u2019s Missing, What\u2019s Needed?","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W43350778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.4.2.103","mag":"43350778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1123/jsm.4.2.103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.4.2.103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.4.2.103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165879012","display_name":"Journal of Sport Management","issn_l":"0888-4773","issn":["0888-4773","1543-270X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019195925","display_name":"Gordon A. Olafson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gordon A. Olafson","raw_affiliation_strings":["1University of Windsor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1University of Windsor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019195925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2658,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76613676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"103","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12926","display_name":"Business Strategies and Management Research","score":0.823199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12926","display_name":"Business Strategies and Management Research","score":0.823199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11530","display_name":"Business and Management Studies","score":0.0835999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13359","display_name":"Sports Science and Education","score":0.0414000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-design","display_name":"research design","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sport-management-research","display_name":"sport management research","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-analysis","display_name":"organizational analysis","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-methodology","display_name":"research methodology","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"empirical research","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-analysis-of-research-articles","display_name":"content analysis of research articles","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-research","display_name":"quantitative research","score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"qualitative research","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6993516683578491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91417265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48519","display_name":"Sport management","level":2,"score":0.664777934551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.4889944791793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.466255784034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133753094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632190","display_name":"Sport psychology","level":2,"score":0.461110383272171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33313701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298380","display_name":"Sports science","level":2,"score":0.442747563123703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.42860984802246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.4250236451625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.39028292894363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37453508377075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3456430435180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3282002806663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.3099842965602875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19690901041030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16271299123764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09380543231964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1123/jsm.4.2.103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.4.2.103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.4.2.103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165879012","display_name":"Journal of Sport Management","issn_l":"0888-4773","issn":["0888-4773","1543-270X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7132878564","https://openalex.org/W2095619576","https://openalex.org/W642000896","https://openalex.org/W7164127584","https://openalex.org/W1988717837","https://openalex.org/W4399014316","https://openalex.org/W2283052705","https://openalex.org/W2563226849","https://openalex.org/W4395666577","https://openalex.org/W2338281687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"concern":[1],"for":[2,10,60,111,116],"the":[3,11,25,33,76,97,105],"lack":[4],"of":[5,13,27,32,35,42,47,54,78,99],"empirically":[6],"based":[7],"research":[8,79],"and":[9,57,62,84,101,114],"types":[12],"methodologies":[14],"used":[15],"continues,":[16],"few":[17],"if":[18],"any":[19],"sport":[20,85,92],"management":[21,86,93],"articles":[22],"have":[23],"quantified":[24],"extent":[26],"such":[28],"criticism.":[29],"Selected":[30],"volumes":[31],"Academy":[34],"Management":[36],"Journal,":[37],"Administrative":[38],"Science":[39],"Quarterly,":[40],"Journal":[41,46,53],"Applied":[43,48],"Psychology,":[44],"Canadian":[45],"Sport":[49,55,63],"Sciences,":[50],"Dissertation":[51],"Abstracts,":[52],"Management,":[56],"Research":[58],"Quarterly":[59],"Exercise":[61],"were":[64],"content":[65],"analyzed":[66],"employing":[67],"13":[68],"dimensions":[69],"to":[70],"determine,":[71],"on":[72],"a":[73],"comparative":[74],"basis,":[75],"patterns":[77],"design":[80],"in":[81,104],"organizational":[82,106],"studies":[83,107],"research.":[87],"Based":[88],"upon":[89],"this":[90],"analysis,":[91],"researchers":[94],"should":[95],"explore":[96],"variety":[98],"methods":[100],"analyses":[102],"evident":[103],"literature.":[108],"The":[109],"basis":[110],"these":[112],"results":[113],"suggestions":[115],"change":[117],"are":[118],"discussed.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}