{"id":"https://openalex.org/W43310223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3406/aru.1984.1108","title":"Les r\u00e9seaux t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques en France et en Grande-Bretagne","display_name":"Les r\u00e9seaux t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques en France et en Grande-Bretagne","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W43310223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3406/aru.1984.1108","mag":"43310223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3406/aru.1984.1108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3406/aru.1984.1108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3406/aru.1984.1108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306518471","display_name":"Les Annales de la Recherche Urbaine","issn_l":"0180-930X","issn":["0180-930X","2497-7098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Les Annales de la recherche urbaine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077456070","display_name":"Chantal De Gournay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chantal de Gournay","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077456070"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00610433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"156","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12853","display_name":"Historical Geography and Geographical Thought","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telephone-networks","display_name":"telephone networks","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-telecommunications","display_name":"history of telecommunications","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/france","display_name":"France","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/britain","display_name":"Great Britain","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-urban-history","display_name":"comparative urban history","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-government","display_name":"local government","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regionalization","display_name":"regionalization","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suburbanization","display_name":"suburbanization","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-regulation","display_name":"telecommunications regulation","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-policy","display_name":"telecommunications policy","score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-mediated-communication","display_name":"video communication","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-interventionism","display_name":"state interventionism","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775836275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502310","display_name":"Dynamism","level":2,"score":0.6023766398429871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.5515996813774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.49409130215644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.38704714179039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32519254088401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.274736225605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1731468141078949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.14757508039474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3406/aru.1984.1108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3406/aru.1984.1108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3406/aru.1984.1108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306518471","display_name":"Les Annales de la Recherche Urbaine","issn_l":"0180-930X","issn":["0180-930X","2497-7098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Les Annales de la recherche urbaine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2000438032","https://openalex.org/W2775384662","https://openalex.org/W2385556862","https://openalex.org/W4297288183","https://openalex.org/W4297802007","https://openalex.org/W2117883229","https://openalex.org/W2367908682","https://openalex.org/W3126342311","https://openalex.org/W2586399084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Telephone":[0],"networks":[1,44,360],"in":[2,16,28,104,119,126,158,173,203,219,349,356,362,391,417,440],"France":[3,107,371,418,441],"and":[4,34,49,100,108,121,129,133,139,270,296,334,435],"Great":[5],"Britain.":[6],"The":[7,153,311],"telephone":[8,43,157,216,233,333,409],"seems":[9,300],"to":[10,22,61,67,82,94,166,205,238,247,255,282,301,344,372],"have":[11,23,302],"been":[12],"of":[13,31,42,64,71,90,97,113,123,136,146,155,171,179,190,211,232,267,271,279,286,293,297,323,352,359,365,378,388,394,433],"small":[14],"importance":[15,292],"spatial":[17,101],"organization":[18],"or":[19,52,66,308],"at":[20,110,317],"least":[21],"found":[24],"a":[25,77,150,187,208,224,438],"little":[26],"place":[27],"the":[29,37,40,62,68,88,91,95,111,114,156,168,177,180,182,196,201,215,221,230,248,264,276,284,291,306,328,332,335,350,357,363,376,392,408,411,422,431],"cares":[30],"architects,":[32],"town-planners":[33],"geographers.":[35],"In":[36,289],"beginning":[38,329],"was":[39,217],"development":[41,351],"only":[45],"settled":[46],"by":[47,186,200],"industrial":[48,191],"commercial":[50],"requirements":[51],"did":[53],"it":[54,419],"also":[55,401],"obey":[56],"more":[57],"tenuous":[58],"logics":[59],"linked":[60],"shapes":[63],"housing":[65],"political":[69,294],"role":[70,348],"different":[72],"territorial":[73],"communities":[74,341],"?":[75],"Only":[76],"comparative":[78,151],"approach":[79],"can":[80,427],"help":[81],"draw":[83],"main":[84],"explanatory":[85],"factors":[86],"from":[87,327],"evolution":[89],"telephone,":[92,181],"thanks":[93],"comparison":[96],"two":[98],"economic":[99,307],"contexts":[102],"as":[103,106,143,354,361],"contrast":[105],"Great-Britain":[109,120,379],"end":[112],"19th":[115],"century.":[116],"Advanced":[117],"industrialization":[118],"persistence":[122],"country":[124],"world":[125],"France,":[127,290],"regionalization":[128,381],"centralism,":[130],"scattered":[131],"settlement":[132],"conurbation,":[134],"dynamism":[135],"voluntary":[137,183],"effort":[138],"state":[140],"interventionism":[141],"are":[142,342],"many":[144],"points":[145],"differences":[147,404],"that":[148],"incite":[149],"analysis.":[152],"study":[154],"its":[159],"infancy":[160],"shows":[161,402],"some":[162],"tendencies":[163],"which":[164,274,326],"allow":[165],"examine":[167],"present":[169],"structure":[170,210],"telecommunications":[172],"this":[174,425],"country.":[175],"From":[176],"creation":[178,432],"effort,":[184],"moved":[185],"shrewd":[188],"interpretation":[189],"demand,":[192],"overrid":[193],"right":[194],"away":[195],"regulations":[197],"laid":[198],"down":[199],"State":[202,222],"order":[204],"set":[206],"up":[207,254],"real":[209],"firm":[212],"communication":[213],"when":[214,257],"nationalized":[218],"1912,":[220],"had":[223],"true":[225],"private":[226,268],"trunks":[227,434],"network":[228],"whereas":[229,416],"operators":[231],"must":[234],"legally":[235],"limit":[236],"themselves":[237],"local":[239,324,340,389],"calls":[240,244],";":[241,424],"long":[242],"distance":[243],"were":[245],"subdued":[246],"public":[249,277],"monopoly.":[250],"This":[251,367],"question":[252],"is":[253,261,315],"date":[256],"British":[258],"Telecom":[259],"monopoly":[260],"summoned":[262],"under":[263],"interconnected":[265],"stresses":[266],"constructors":[269],"business":[272],"community":[273],"accuse":[275],"service":[278],"being":[280],"unsuited":[281],"answer":[283],"needs":[285],"firms":[287],"communication.":[288],"thoughts":[295],"social":[298,336],"disparities":[299],"taken":[303],"precedence":[304],"over":[305],"functional":[309],"stakes.":[310],"centralized":[312],"administrative":[313],"system":[314],"not":[316,383],"all":[318],"incompatible":[319],"with":[320],"an":[321,346,385],"affirmation":[322],"authorities":[325,390],"came":[330],"between":[331],"background.":[337],"Still":[338],"today,":[339],"invited":[343],"play":[345],"important":[347],"video-communication,":[353],"well":[355],"execution":[358],"definition":[364],"contents.":[366],"characteristic":[368],"brings":[369],"nearer":[370],"American":[373],"pattern":[374],"than":[375],"one":[377],"where":[380],"does":[382],"use":[384],"effective":[386],"interest":[387],"implementation":[393],"telecommunication":[395],"networks.":[396],"At":[397],"last,":[398],"urban":[399],"context":[400],"significant":[403],":":[405],"very":[406],"early,":[407],"followed":[410],"English":[412],"trend":[413],"\u2014":[414],"suburbanization":[415],"stayed":[420],"within":[421],"town":[423],"phenomenon":[426],"be":[428],"seen":[429],"through":[430],"tariff":[436],"laws,":[437],"handicap":[439],"for":[442],"suburban":[443],"calls.":[444]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
