{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323980608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","title":"Prevalence of Domestic Violence against Women and Its Visibility in Southeast Iran","display_name":"Prevalence of Domestic Violence against Women and Its Visibility in Southeast Iran","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323980608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37124901","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10135502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187943","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0304-4556","issn":["0304-4556","2251-6085","2251-6093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319396","host_organization_name":"Knowledge E","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319396"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Knowledge E"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075918332","display_name":"Milad Ahmadi Gohari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-9157","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-9157"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milad Ahmadi Gohari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027459362","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Baneshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-8688","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-8688"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Baneshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037417953","display_name":"Farzaneh Zolala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-183X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-183X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzaneh Zolala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007392137","display_name":"Behshid Garrusi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-171X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-171X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behshid Garrusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111347493","display_name":"Elaheh Salarpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1889-2193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1889-2193","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-810X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaheh Salarpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076077025","display_name":"Mohammad Samari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0266-3655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0266-3655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Samari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076077025"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"],"apc_list":{"value":6000000,"currency":"IRR","value_usd":300},"apc_paid":{"value":6000000,"currency":"IRR","value_usd":300},"fwci":3.5142,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92632002,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"3","first_page":"646","last_page":"654"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12462","display_name":"Elder Abuse and Neglect","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-violence-against-women","display_name":"domestic violence against women","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underreporting","display_name":"underreporting","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-violence","display_name":"physical violence","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-abuse","display_name":"psychological violence","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-violence","display_name":"sexual violence","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-of-reproductive-age","display_name":"women of reproductive age","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-risk-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic risk factors","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma","display_name":"stigma","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kerman","display_name":"Kerman","score":0.8629999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542059537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156537","display_name":"Domestic violence","level":4,"score":0.7225229740142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6687555909156799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777996642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558075","display_name":"Sexual violence","level":2,"score":0.6097756028175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53084192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1485121","display_name":"Gee","level":3,"score":0.6069357991218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.6056430339813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5966647267341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42522993683815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41603556275367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4029552638530731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27403532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532474","display_name":"Generalized estimating equation","level":2,"score":0.31984105706214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3129701316356659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.26102936267852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.24382033944129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15116748213768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14783596992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13733717799186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0958031713962555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.08099475502967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187943","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0304-4556","issn":["0304-4556","2251-6085","2251-6093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319396","host_organization_name":"Knowledge E","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319396"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Knowledge E"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10135502","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10135502","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10135502/pdf/IJPH-52-646.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37124901","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37124901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian journal of public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187943","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0304-4556","issn":["0304-4556","2251-6085","2251-6093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319396","host_organization_name":"Knowledge E","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319396"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Knowledge E"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7900000214576721}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322776","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970749679","https://openalex.org/W1986510102","https://openalex.org/W1986722118","https://openalex.org/W1998988785","https://openalex.org/W2009926940","https://openalex.org/W2030926420","https://openalex.org/W2067534250","https://openalex.org/W2108823916","https://openalex.org/W2127939700","https://openalex.org/W2128289458","https://openalex.org/W2407395934","https://openalex.org/W2590805254","https://openalex.org/W2621262632","https://openalex.org/W2750889697","https://openalex.org/W2766414635","https://openalex.org/W2887514142","https://openalex.org/W2890587610","https://openalex.org/W2924600966","https://openalex.org/W2982246651","https://openalex.org/W2992287600","https://openalex.org/W3008075590","https://openalex.org/W3012651531","https://openalex.org/W3018279164","https://openalex.org/W3023419315","https://openalex.org/W3044899496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967409260","https://openalex.org/W4405090638","https://openalex.org/W2290211104","https://openalex.org/W2407395934","https://openalex.org/W1991665809","https://openalex.org/W4311306967","https://openalex.org/W4253463216","https://openalex.org/W2047545932","https://openalex.org/W2621262632","https://openalex.org/W2342755745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"We":[1],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,41,76,145],"estimate":[4],"the":[5,34,78,84,91,100,103,131,150],"prevalence":[6,105],"of":[7,21,36,93,106,130,167,179,185],"domestic":[8,168],"violence":[9,45,85,108,119,169],"against":[10,170],"women":[11,141,171],"at":[12,111],"Reproductive":[13],"Age":[14],"(WARA)":[15],"and":[16,55,62,83,117,122,135,138],"its":[17,158],"visibility":[18,159],"in":[19,33],"southeast":[20],"Iran.":[22],"Methods:":[23],"Adopting":[24],"a":[25,176],"modified":[26],"time-location":[27],"sampling,":[28],"we":[29],"recruited":[30],"933":[31],"WARA":[32],"city":[35],"Kerman,":[37],"Iran":[38],"from":[39],"Aug":[40],"Dec":[42],"2019.":[43],"Domestic":[44],"(DV)":[46],"was":[47,74,88,109,153,160],"divided":[48],"into":[49],"three":[50],"main":[51],"categories:":[52],"Physical,":[53],"psychological,":[54],"sexual.":[56],"Data":[57],"were":[58,120,127,142],"obtained":[59],"by":[60],"direct":[61,96,101,132],"Network":[63],"Scale-Up":[64],"(NSU)":[65],"methods":[66],"through":[67],"self-administered":[68],"questionnaires.":[69],"Generalized":[70],"Estimating":[71],"Equations":[72],"(GEE)":[73],"used":[75],"determine":[77],"association":[79],"between":[80],"socioeconomic":[81],"variables":[82],"experience.":[86],"Visibility":[87],"defined":[89],"as":[90,154,156,161,163],"ratio":[92],"NSU":[94,125],"over":[95],"estimates.":[97,133],"Results:":[98],"Using":[99],"method,":[102],"annual":[104],"psychological":[107],"estimated":[110],"60.9%.":[112],"Corresponding":[113],"figures":[114],"for":[115],"physical":[116],"sexual":[118],"34.7%":[121],"37.7%,":[123],"respectively.":[124],"estimates":[126],"about":[128],"one-third":[129],"Divorced":[134],"widowed,":[136],"self-employed,":[137],"less":[139],"educated":[140],"more":[143],"likely":[144],"experience":[146],"DV.":[147],"Conclusion:":[148],"While":[149],"average":[151],"DV":[152],"high":[155,177],"44%,":[157],"low":[162],"33%.":[164],"Nearly":[165],"two-thirds":[166],"remains":[172],"undisclosed.":[173],"This":[174],"indicates":[175],"level":[178],"stigma":[180],"perceived":[181],"around":[182],"this":[183],"type":[184],"violence.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2023-03-13T00:00:00"}