{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322717181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2302.13525","title":"Formal Analysis of the API Proxy Problem","display_name":"Formal Analysis of the API Proxy Problem","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322717181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2302.13525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2302.13525","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13525","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.13525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.13525","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088826068","display_name":"Somesh Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-0436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-0436"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jha, Somesh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050855162","display_name":"Mihai Christodorescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-8015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-8015"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christodorescu, Mihai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065550137","display_name":"Anh T. Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5143-1498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5143-1498"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pham, Anh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9023000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9023000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.06300000101327896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/api-security","display_name":"API security","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/np-completeness","display_name":"NP-completeness","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-algorithms","display_name":"heuristic algorithms","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/over-approximation","display_name":"over-approximation","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8330740928649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7630370855331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99613125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165194","display_name":"Application programming interface","level":2,"score":0.5276241302490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3354458808898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32767021656036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3258405923843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3105849027633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2302.13525","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13525","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.13525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2302.13525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2302.13525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2302.13525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2302.13525","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13525","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.13525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322717181.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322717181.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028495302","https://openalex.org/W4249498729","https://openalex.org/W2002261065","https://openalex.org/W1513656766","https://openalex.org/W1967083444","https://openalex.org/W2160863446","https://openalex.org/W2106866459","https://openalex.org/W2361609491","https://openalex.org/W4239167708","https://openalex.org/W3121666323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Implementing":[0],"a":[1,91,167,200],"security":[2,20,68,102,187],"mechanism":[3,69],"on":[4],"top":[5],"of":[6,11,14,79,86,94,97,130,158,160,162,193,202,205],"APIs":[7,29,40,80],"requires":[8],"clear":[9],"understanding":[10],"the":[12,33,60,67,84,95,98,114,128,173,191,219],"semantics":[13],"each":[15],"API,":[16],"to":[17,44,66,70,171],"ensure":[18],"that":[19,30,136,156,179],"entitlements":[21],"are":[22,41,120],"enforced":[23],"consistently":[24],"and":[25,48,72,109,122,134,177,208,211],"completely":[26],"across":[27],"all":[28],"could":[31],"perform":[32],"same":[34,61,174],"function":[35],"for":[36,52,59,74,152,186,218],"an":[37,107],"attacker.":[38],"Unfortunately,":[39],"not":[42],"designed":[43],"be":[45,183],"\"semantically":[46],"orthogonal\"":[47],"they":[49],"often":[50],"overlap,":[51],"example":[53],"by":[54,112,124],"offering":[55],"different":[56],"performance":[57],"points":[58],"functionality.":[62],"This":[63],"leaves":[64],"it":[65,105,140],"discover":[71],"account":[73],"API":[75,118,148,154],"proxies,":[76],"i.e.,":[77],"groups":[78],"which":[81,142],"together":[82],"approximate":[83,172],"functionality":[85],"some":[87,194],"other":[88],"API.":[89],"Lacking":[90],"complete":[92],"view":[93],"structure":[96],"API-proxy":[99,132,175,220],"relationship,":[100],"current":[101],"mechanisms":[103],"address":[104],"in":[106],"ad-hoc":[108],"reactive":[110],"manner,":[111],"updating":[113],"implementation":[115],"when":[116],"new":[117,216],"proxies":[119,149],"uncovered":[121],"abused":[123],"attackers.":[125],"We":[126,164,197],"analyze":[127],"problem":[129],"discovering":[131],"relationships":[133],"show":[135],"its":[137],"complexity":[138],"makes":[139,143],"NP-complete,":[141],"computing":[144],"exact":[145],"information":[146,176],"about":[147],"prohibitively":[150],"expensive":[151],"modern":[153],"surfaces":[155],"consist":[157],"tens":[159],"thousands":[161],"APIs.":[163],"then":[165],"propose":[166],"simple":[168],"heuristic":[169],"algorithm":[170],"argue":[178],"this":[180],"overapproximation":[181],"can":[182],"safely":[184],"used":[185],"purposes,":[188],"with":[189,199,212],"only":[190],"downside":[192],"utility":[195],"loss.":[196],"conclude":[198],"number":[201],"open":[203],"problems":[204],"both":[206],"theoretical":[207],"practical":[209],"interest":[210],"potential":[213],"directions":[214],"towards":[215],"solutions":[217],"problem.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}