{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322503183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14879","title":"Analysis of urine Raman spectra differences from patients with diabetes mellitus and renal pathologies","display_name":"Analysis of urine Raman spectra differences from patients with diabetes mellitus and renal pathologies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322503183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14879","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36874959","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9979830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.14879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14879","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041336083","display_name":"Varun Kavuru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-8044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-8044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119250","display_name":"University of Virginia Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02f588d44","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799765794","https://openalex.org/I4210119250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134211","display_name":"University of Virginia Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/046kb4y45","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799765794","https://openalex.org/I4210134211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5716644","display_name":"Carilion Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02rsjh069","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5716644","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun Kavuru","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital at University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States","Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-8044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital at University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119250","https://openalex.org/I4210134211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5716644","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005155877","display_name":"Ryan S. Senger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-6693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-6693"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan S. Senger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States","DialySensors, Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DialySensors, Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089736166","display_name":"John L. Robertson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-999X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-999X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John L. Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States","DialySensors, Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DialySensors, Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015269420","display_name":"Devasmita Choudhury","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799886695","display_name":"Veterans Health Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05eq41471","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801522702","display_name":"Salem VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mz0g68","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I2801522702","https://openalex.org/I4210159720"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5716644","display_name":"Carilion Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02rsjh069","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5716644","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Devasmita Choudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Salem Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Salem, VA, United States","Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salem Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Salem, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I2801522702"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5716644","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005155877","https://openalex.org/A5015269420"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I2801522702","https://openalex.org/I5716644","https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":2.1756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87724285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"e14879","last_page":"e14879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-nephropathy","display_name":"diabetic nephropathy","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-diagnosis","display_name":"non-invasive diagnosis","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membranous-nephropathy","display_name":"membranous nephropathy","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-neoplasia","display_name":"renal neoplasia","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glomerular-pathology","display_name":"glomerular pathology","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemometric-classification","display_name":"chemometric classification","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-biopsy-alternative","display_name":"renal biopsy alternative","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-screening","display_name":"disease screening","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteinuria","display_name":"proteinuria","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate-decline","display_name":"estimated glomerular filtration rate decline","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-biomarkers","display_name":"urinary biomarkers","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8390703201293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779225474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842424","display_name":"Urinalysis","level":3,"score":0.751441240310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779922275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129105","display_name":"Diabetic nephropathy","level":3,"score":0.6880133152008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6603565216064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.6543017625808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40924","display_name":"Urine","level":2,"score":0.5991741418838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312483","display_name":"Renal biopsy","level":3,"score":0.5799808502197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779561371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570197","display_name":"Proteinuria","level":3,"score":0.5703864693641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5535540580749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.4964173436164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Nephropathy","level":3,"score":0.4884299337863922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.4113600254058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.4037640690803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.3692302405834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.1395314633846283}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001826","descriptor_name":"Body Fluids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007678","descriptor_name":"Kidney Glomerulus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051436","descriptor_name":"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.14879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9979830","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9979830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36874959","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36874959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f2b7a33b00494ad29a2437c4d4d5e29d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f2b7a33b00494ad29a2437c4d4d5e29d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ, Vol 11, p e14879 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.14879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4099999964237213}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972104060","https://openalex.org/W1980158514","https://openalex.org/W1981019399","https://openalex.org/W1981410669","https://openalex.org/W1986025060","https://openalex.org/W2003003297","https://openalex.org/W2007310701","https://openalex.org/W2018794807","https://openalex.org/W2106109979","https://openalex.org/W2132725540","https://openalex.org/W2153332919","https://openalex.org/W2394782024","https://openalex.org/W2441317574","https://openalex.org/W2463263386","https://openalex.org/W2566778847","https://openalex.org/W2601325510","https://openalex.org/W2611336647","https://openalex.org/W2725171488","https://openalex.org/W2760537261","https://openalex.org/W2766236479","https://openalex.org/W2766335386","https://openalex.org/W2770877241","https://openalex.org/W2791690681","https://openalex.org/W2916395291","https://openalex.org/W2923791081","https://openalex.org/W2975104346","https://openalex.org/W2994780759","https://openalex.org/W2998243789","https://openalex.org/W2999277653","https://openalex.org/W3000571856","https://openalex.org/W3023350144","https://openalex.org/W3035324190","https://openalex.org/W3047091666","https://openalex.org/W3080540137","https://openalex.org/W3092507870","https://openalex.org/W3096818889","https://openalex.org/W3106015753","https://openalex.org/W3163117240","https://openalex.org/W3183299999","https://openalex.org/W3189018310","https://openalex.org/W3196885538","https://openalex.org/W3202778286","https://openalex.org/W4211184695","https://openalex.org/W4238768614","https://openalex.org/W4245990491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2332410299","https://openalex.org/W7147985723","https://openalex.org/W2739722356","https://openalex.org/W7220990764","https://openalex.org/W4390658658","https://openalex.org/W4385610614","https://openalex.org/W2107603642","https://openalex.org/W2985608739","https://openalex.org/W3000571856","https://openalex.org/W7125340354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Chronic":[1],"kidney":[2,33,119],"disease":[3,34,376],"(CKD)":[4],"poses":[5],"a":[6,91,241,302],"major":[7,18],"public":[8],"health":[9],"burden.":[10],"Diabetes":[11],"mellitus":[12],"(DM)":[13],"is":[14,60],"one":[15,187],"of":[16,20,39,80,146,154,175,243,292,338],"the":[17,61,129,143,147,169],"causes":[19,38],"CKD.":[21],"In":[22],"patients":[23,50,110,177,258,284,298,322],"with":[24,51,84,112,128,180,189,214,226,265,308,325,340],"DM,":[25],"it":[26,42],"can":[27],"be":[28,45,344],"difficult":[29],"to":[30,115,134,141,279,346],"differentiate":[31,347],"diabetic":[32,161,282,297],"(DKD)":[35],"from":[36,105,186,203],"other":[37,67,251,352,379],"glomerular":[40,253,353,363],"damage;":[41],"should":[43],"not":[44],"assumed":[46],"that":[47],"all":[48,204],"DM":[49,116],"decreased":[52],"eGFR":[53],"and/or":[54],"proteinuria":[55],"have":[56],"DKD.":[57],"Renal":[58],"biopsy":[59],"standard":[62],"for":[63,95,369],"definitive":[64],"diagnosis,":[65],"but":[66],"less":[68],"invasive":[69],"methods":[70],"may":[71,89,343],"provide":[72,90],"clinical":[73],"benefit.":[74],"As":[75],"previously":[76],"reported,":[77],"Raman":[78,125,336],"spectroscopy":[79,337],"CKD":[81,113,164,206,257,283,360],"patient":[82,245],"urine":[83,201,213,246,339],"statistical":[85],"and":[86,108,117,132,162,168,178,196,219,221,233,263,272,285,305,315,332,351,362,367,378],"chemometric":[87,135,341],"modeling":[88],"novel,":[92],"non-invasive":[93],"methodology":[94],"discriminating":[96],"between":[97,348],"renal":[98,106,158,208],"pathologies.":[99],"Methods:":[100],"Urine":[101,173],"samples":[102,174,202,247],"were":[103,122,184],"collected":[104],"biopsied":[107,205],"non-biopsied":[109,160],"presenting":[111],"secondary":[114],"non-diabetic":[118,163,256,321],"disease.":[120],"Samples":[121],"analyzed":[123],"by":[124],"spectroscopy,":[126],"baselined":[127],"ISREA":[130],"algorithm,":[131],"subjected":[133],"modeling.":[136],"Leave-one-out":[137],"cross-validation":[138],"was":[139,210,224,238,277,299,323],"used":[140,278],"assess":[142],"predictive":[144],"capabilities":[145],"model.":[148],"Results:":[149],"This":[150],"proof-of-concept":[151],"study":[152],"consisted":[153],"263":[155],"samples,":[156],"including":[157],"biopsied,":[159],"patients,":[165,207],"healthy":[166,261],"volunteers,":[167,262],"Surine\u2122":[170,264],"urinalysis":[171],"control.":[172],"DKD":[176,237,287],"those":[179],"immune-mediated":[181],"nephropathy":[182,223],"(IMN)":[183],"distinguished":[185],"another":[188],"82%":[190],"sensitivity,":[191,216,228,267,310,327],"specificity,":[192,217,230,269,312,329],"positive-predictive":[193],"value":[194,198],"(PPV),":[195],"negative-predictive":[197],"(NPV).":[199],"Among":[200],"neoplasia":[209],"identified":[211,225,239,286,300,324],"in":[212,288,296,320,371],"100%":[215],"PPV,":[218,232,271,314,331],"NPV,":[220],"membranous":[222],"66.7%":[227],"96.4%":[229],"80.0%":[231],"93.1%":[234],"NPV.":[235,274,317,334],"Finally,":[236,318],"among":[240,301],"population":[242,307],"150":[244],"containing":[248],"biopsy-confirmed":[249,252],"DKD,":[250,349],"pathologies,":[254],"un-biopsied":[255,281],"(no":[259],"DKD),":[260],"36.4%":[266],"97.8%":[268],"57.1%":[270],"95.1%":[273],"The":[275],"model":[276],"screen":[280],"more":[289],"than":[290],"8%":[291],"this":[293],"population.":[294],"IMN":[295,319],"similarly":[303],"sized":[304],"diverse":[306],"83.3%":[309],"97.7%":[311],"62.5%":[313],"99.2%":[316],"50.0%":[326],"99.4%":[328],"75.0%":[330],"98.3%":[333],"Conclusions:":[335],"analysis":[342],"able":[345],"IMN,":[350],"diseases.":[354],"Future":[355],"work":[356],"will":[357],"further":[358],"characterize":[359],"stages":[361],"pathology,":[364],"while":[365],"assessing":[366],"controlling":[368],"differences":[370],"factors":[372],"such":[373],"as":[374],"comorbidities,":[375],"severity,":[377],"lab":[380],"parameters.":[381]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-02-28T00:00:00"}