{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321519829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pqn.1995.pmb.3","title":"Photo-induced birefringence and applications in sensing","display_name":"Photo-induced birefringence and applications in sensing","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321519829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pqn.1995.pmb.3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/pqn.1995.pmb.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pqn.1995.pmb.3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pqn.1995.pmb.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306504908","display_name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photosensitivity and Quadratic Nonlinearity in Glass Waveguides: Fundamentals and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111740878","display_name":"V.A. Handerek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. A. Handerek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U. K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U. K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110164618","display_name":"S.E. Kanellopoulos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. E. Kanellopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U. K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U. K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86377709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"PMB.3","last_page":"PMB.3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.017999999225139618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoinduced-birefringence","display_name":"photoinduced birefringence","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensors","display_name":"fiber optic sensors","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125743686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108779","display_name":"Birefringence","level":2,"score":0.9102327823638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7543601989746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6901203393936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.6785518527030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186807665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2014823","display_name":"Photosensitivity","level":2,"score":0.6627732515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.6391133666038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.593122124671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5730932950973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.56044602394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.49962377548217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550623735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867","display_name":"Germanium","level":3,"score":0.4844527244567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78634431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7119254","display_name":"PHOSFOS","level":5,"score":0.4643787145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.2056402862071991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45747243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209154","display_name":"Polarization-maintaining optical fiber","level":4,"score":0.1938551962375641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.18326762318611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10387960076332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/pqn.1995.pmb.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pqn.1995.pmb.3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pqn.1995.pmb.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306504908","display_name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photosensitivity and Quadratic Nonlinearity in Glass Waveguides: Fundamentals and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971129349","https://openalex.org/W1979546107","https://openalex.org/W1982951967","https://openalex.org/W1987186545","https://openalex.org/W2013208786","https://openalex.org/W2020992769","https://openalex.org/W2022862847","https://openalex.org/W2024037724","https://openalex.org/W2026025153","https://openalex.org/W2027742537","https://openalex.org/W2031245915","https://openalex.org/W2032729757","https://openalex.org/W2037251599","https://openalex.org/W2038558055","https://openalex.org/W2046975376","https://openalex.org/W2050378709","https://openalex.org/W2053431426","https://openalex.org/W2054125618","https://openalex.org/W2054915219","https://openalex.org/W2055272756","https://openalex.org/W2057024561","https://openalex.org/W2061916727","https://openalex.org/W2062301252","https://openalex.org/W2063897098","https://openalex.org/W2072963965","https://openalex.org/W2075483545","https://openalex.org/W2084307270","https://openalex.org/W2094682944","https://openalex.org/W2103776952","https://openalex.org/W2107062220","https://openalex.org/W2110882803","https://openalex.org/W2151858497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061916727","https://openalex.org/W2053431426","https://openalex.org/W4312864777","https://openalex.org/W2033054512","https://openalex.org/W1976647811","https://openalex.org/W3123477721","https://openalex.org/W2903904549","https://openalex.org/W1590129565","https://openalex.org/W2062301252","https://openalex.org/W139883445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,16,32,48],"last":[2],"few":[3],"years":[4],"optical":[5],"fibre":[6,44,64],"photosensitivity":[7],"has":[8,30],"been":[9],"noticed":[10],"to":[11,39],"be":[12],"anisotropic;":[13],"that":[14],"is":[15,20,75],"photoinduced":[17,23],"index":[18],"change":[19],"birefringent.[1]":[21],"The":[22],"anisotropy":[24],"of":[25,34],"germanium":[26],"doped":[27],"silica":[28],"fibres":[29],"allowed":[31],"fabrication":[33],"polarisation":[35,55],"converting":[36],"gratings":[37,51,70],"analogous":[38],"mechanically":[40],"produced":[41],"periodic":[42],"birefringent":[43],"structures":[45],"made":[46],"in":[47],"past.[2-8]":[49],"Such":[50],"are":[52],"known":[53],"as":[54,67],"couplers":[56],"or":[57],"rocking":[58],"filters":[59],"when":[60,71],"they":[61],"couple":[62],"forward-travelling":[63],"modes":[65],"and":[66],"Bragg":[68],"exchange":[69],"backward":[72],"travelling":[73],"light":[74],"produced.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2023-02-24T00:00:00"}
