{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321002145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","title":"Drivers of disparities in stage at diagnosis among women with breast cancer: South African breast cancers and HIV outcomes cohort","display_name":"Drivers of disparities in stage at diagnosis among women with breast cancer: South African breast cancers and HIV outcomes cohort","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321002145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36795733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0281916&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0281916&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028584651","display_name":"Witness Mapanga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8719-3084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8719-3084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Witness Mapanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Faculty of the Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8719-3084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Faculty of the Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072284066","display_name":"Shane Anthony Norris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-3788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-3788"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shane A. Norris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Faculty of the Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Global Health Research Institute, School of Health and Human Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom","Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Faculty of the Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Health Research Institute, School of Health and Human Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009126926","display_name":"Ashleigh Craig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7641-5953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7641-5953"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashleigh Craig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030948193","display_name":"Oluwatosin Ayeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-2860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-2860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwatosin A. Ayeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Health Research Institute, School of Health and Human Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom","South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Health Research Institute, School of Health and Human Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029628786","display_name":"Wenlong Carl Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-4906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-4906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107920810","display_name":"National Health Laboratory Service","ror":"https://ror.org/00znvbk37","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107920810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong C. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa","Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-4906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009379894","display_name":"Judith S. Jacobson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-6165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-6165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039230","display_name":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/051kc1939","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039230"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith S. Jacobson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America","Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039230","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082554584","display_name":"Alfred I. Neugut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-4522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-4522"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039230","display_name":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/051kc1939","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039230"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred I. Neugut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America","Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America","Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039230","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021050968","display_name":"Paul Ruff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-1730","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-1730"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Ruff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083003685","display_name":"Herbert Cubasch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-3984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-3984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herbert Cubasch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048406793","display_name":"Daniel S. O\u2019Neil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1779-1166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1779-1166"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157065","display_name":"Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0552r4b12","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581","https://openalex.org/I4210101935","https://openalex.org/I4210157065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel S. O\u2019Neil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581","https://openalex.org/I4210157065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010081716","display_name":"Ines Buccimazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5399-3101","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5399-3101"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ines Buccimazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002890105","display_name":"Sharon \u010ca\u010dala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-3925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-3925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon \u010ca\u010dala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Specialized Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban and Ngwelezane Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-3925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Specialized Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban and Ngwelezane Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051277039","display_name":"Laura W. Stopforth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5675-765X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5675-765X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098120","display_name":"Grey's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xnmcq32","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura W. Stopforth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5675-765X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098120","https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045904328","display_name":"Hayley A. Farrow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-8740","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-8740"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098120","display_name":"Grey's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xnmcq32","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayley A. Farrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-8740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098120","https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061195871","display_name":"Sarah Nietz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-2794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-2794"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799742747","display_name":"Johannesburg Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/047x96110","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799742747"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Nietz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charlotte Maxeke Surgical Breast Unit, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa","Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charlotte Maxeke Surgical Breast Unit, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799742747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024117256","display_name":"Boitumelo Phakathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-6060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-6060"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799742747","display_name":"Johannesburg Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/047x96110","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799742747"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boitumelo Phakathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charlotte Maxeke Surgical Breast Unit, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa","Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-6060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charlotte Maxeke Surgical Breast Unit, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799742747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032793758","display_name":"Tobias Freeman Chirwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-0842","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-0842"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Chirwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066190049","display_name":"Valerie McCormack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-3442","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-3442"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42237331","display_name":"Centre international de recherche sur le cancer","ror":"https://ror.org/00v452281","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie A. McCormack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091396460","display_name":"Maureen Joffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-9672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-9672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maureen Joffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028584651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I192619145"],"apc_list":{"value":1805,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1805},"apc_paid":{"value":1805,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1805},"fwci":1.6496,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8523225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"e0281916","last_page":"e0281916"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13544","display_name":"Women's cancer prevention and management","score":0.035999998450279236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11134","display_name":"Breast Lesions and Carcinomas","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage-at-diagnosis","display_name":"stage at diagnosis","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-diagnosis","display_name":"delayed diagnosis","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-system-factors","display_name":"health system factors","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-diagnosis","display_name":"time to diagnosis","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-subtypes","display_name":"molecular subtypes","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/her2-enriched-breast-cancer","display_name":"HER2-enriched breast cancer","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminal-b","display_name":"luminal B","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wealth-index","display_name":"wealth index","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-system","display_name":"public health system","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.8679999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7952706813812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.7692307829856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6671415567398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5793564915657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5480610728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5261932015419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5073077082633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.43721282482147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.41060948371887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3942014276981354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.14010918140411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009367","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Staging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009367","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Staging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009367","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Staging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009367","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Staging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009367","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Staging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009367","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Staging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0281916&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1180376/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1180376/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1180376/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1180376/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:36795733","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36795733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:505738","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281916>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/505738/1/journal.pone.0281916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9934316","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9934316","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9934316/pdf/pone.0281916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0281916","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:873c8824eae248fbae8fd94b7f871cfe","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/873c8824eae248fbae8fd94b7f871cfe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 2, p e0281916 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f120b15cc70e48f2a460d39daebc5c93","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f120b15cc70e48f2a460d39daebc5c93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 2 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281916","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0281916&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1421955180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA-13696","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1427852734","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 CA250012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1543595179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 CA192627","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2265232333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3P30CA13696","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2634164072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 CA244559","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2766546935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R01CA192627","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2970208076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"and P30","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3668548152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA1 3696","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G436003075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCI 1R01CA192627","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","funder_display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8126261255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCI 3P30CA13696","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","funder_display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000219743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R01CA192627","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000916142","display_name":"Cancer Center Support Grant","funder_award_id":"P30CA013696","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00k86s890"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307856","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320672","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321002145.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321002145.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006445348","https://openalex.org/W2014633090","https://openalex.org/W2039964781","https://openalex.org/W2047916904","https://openalex.org/W2067682556","https://openalex.org/W2090682017","https://openalex.org/W2134059729","https://openalex.org/W2161126989","https://openalex.org/W2166647521","https://openalex.org/W2224389168","https://openalex.org/W2252500324","https://openalex.org/W2463860826","https://openalex.org/W2556079332","https://openalex.org/W2564298974","https://openalex.org/W2609731241","https://openalex.org/W2772182301","https://openalex.org/W2772375510","https://openalex.org/W2787553551","https://openalex.org/W2792085131","https://openalex.org/W2804660097","https://openalex.org/W2889646458","https://openalex.org/W2924170274","https://openalex.org/W2964052503","https://openalex.org/W2979565172","https://openalex.org/W3012082939","https://openalex.org/W3061102166","https://openalex.org/W3128646645","https://openalex.org/W3131944761","https://openalex.org/W3158958446","https://openalex.org/W4206339806","https://openalex.org/W4235739337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2503350049","https://openalex.org/W2329386257","https://openalex.org/W2397616145","https://openalex.org/W2129863591","https://openalex.org/W2397320258","https://openalex.org/W4324058133","https://openalex.org/W648618910","https://openalex.org/W4393624937","https://openalex.org/W3009186173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"In":[1],"low-":[2],"and":[3,15,37,51,93,138,146,215,297],"middle-income":[4],"countries":[5],"(LMICs),":[6],"advanced-stage":[7],"diagnosis":[8,28,63,106,135,178,273,314],"of":[9,24,64,87,103,115,128,255,260,274,315],"breast":[10,68,316],"cancer":[11,69,317],"(BC)":[12],"is":[13],"common,":[14],"this":[16],"contributes":[17],"to":[18,34,172,181,203,237,309,313],"poor":[19],"survival.":[20],"Understanding":[21],"the":[22,25,46,60,85,88,116,200,204,258,285,311],"determinants":[23],"stage":[26,61,79],"at":[27,62,70,105,184,263],"will":[29],"aid":[30],"in":[31,42,74,151,278,307,318],"designing":[32],"interventions":[33,308],"downstage":[35],"disease":[36],"improve":[38],"survival":[39],"from":[40,198],"BC":[41,124,134,177,201,262,275],"LMICs.":[43],"METHODS:":[44],"Within":[45],"South":[47,75],"African":[48],"Breast":[49],"Cancers":[50],"HIV":[52],"Outcomes":[53],"(SABCHO)":[54],"cohort,":[55],"we":[56],"examined":[57],"factors":[58,131,296],"affecting":[59],"histologically":[65],"confirmed":[66],"invasive":[67],"five":[71],"tertiary":[72,153],"hospitals":[73],"Africa":[76],"(SA).":[77],"The":[78,112,126],"was":[80,109,136,289],"assessed":[81],"clinically.":[82],"To":[83],"examine":[84],"associations":[86],"modifiable":[89,293],"health":[90,129,206,282,287,294],"system,":[91],"socio-economic/household":[92],"non-modifiable":[94,298],"individual":[95],"factors,":[96],"hierarchical":[97],"multivariable":[98],"logistic":[99],"regression":[100],"with":[101,122,175,242,291],"odds":[102],"late-stage":[104,123,133,176,244,261],"(stage":[107],"III-IV),":[108],"used.":[110],"RESULTS:":[111],"majority":[113],"(59%)":[114],"included":[117],"3497":[118],"women":[119,277],"were":[120,161,240],"diagnosed":[121,150,183],"disease.":[125],"effect":[127],"system-level":[130,295],"on":[132],"consistent":[137],"significant":[139],"even":[140],"when":[141,179],"adjusted":[142],"for":[143],"both":[144,292],"socio-economic-":[145],"individual-level":[147,299],"factors.":[148,300],"Women":[149],"a":[152,158,185,243,248],"hospital":[154,186],"that":[155,187],"predominantly":[156,188],"serves":[157,189],"rural":[159],"population":[160],"3":[162,196],"times":[163],"(OR":[164,209,219,227,265],"=":[165,210,220,228,266],"2.89":[166],"(95%":[167,212,222,230,268],"CI:":[168,213,223,231,269],"1.40-5.97)":[169],"as":[170,235,305],"likely":[171],"be":[173,303],"associated":[174,241,290],"compared":[180,236],"those":[182],"an":[190],"urban":[191],"population.":[192],"Taking":[193],"more":[194],"than":[195],"months":[197],"identifying":[199],"problem":[202],"first":[205],"system":[207,288],"entry":[208],"1.66":[211],"1.38-2.00)),":[214],"having":[216,247],"luminal":[217,238],"B":[218],"1.49":[221],"1.19-1.87))":[224],"or":[225],"HER2-enriched":[226],"1.64":[229],"1.16-2.32))":[232],"molecular":[233],"subtype":[234],"A,":[239],"diagnosis.":[245],"Whilst":[246],"higher":[249],"socio-economic":[250],"level":[251],"(a":[252],"wealth":[253],"index":[254],"5)":[256],"reduced":[257],"probability":[259],"diagnosis,":[264],"0.64":[267],"0.47-0.85)).":[270],"CONCLUSION:":[271],"Advanced-stage":[272],"among":[276],"SA":[279],"who":[280],"access":[281],"services":[283],"through":[284],"public":[286],"These":[301],"may":[302],"considered":[304],"elements":[306],"reduce":[310],"time":[312],"women.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}