{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319973526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-36-0042","title":"Battery Electric Bus Technology Review - Current Status and Perspectives","display_name":"Battery Electric Bus Technology Review - Current Status and Perspectives","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319973526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-36-0042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4271/2022-36-0042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-36-0042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-36-0042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036947077","display_name":"F\u00e1bio Coelho Barbosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-1693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-1693"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F\u00e1bio Coelho Barbosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["FCB Research & Consulting"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FCB Research & Consulting","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036947077"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6152,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93779994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.5038999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.5038999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.48660001158714294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12725","display_name":"Railways and European Transport Policy","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-electric-buses","display_name":"battery electric buses","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle-batteries","display_name":"electric vehicle batteries","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-energy-density","display_name":"battery energy density","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-cost-reduction","display_name":"battery cost reduction","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trolleybuses","display_name":"trolleybuses","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-drivetrain","display_name":"electric drivetrain","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollutant-emissions","display_name":"air pollutant emissions","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-emission","display_name":"noise emission","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-maturity","display_name":"technology maturity","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-costs","display_name":"operating costs","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.7543468475341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5566784739494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.505174458026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.47225823998451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46824944019317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3288295269012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.12286865711212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07566371560096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4271/2022-36-0042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-36-0042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-36-0042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W858007578","https://openalex.org/W2004293621","https://openalex.org/W2111539331","https://openalex.org/W2166965497","https://openalex.org/W2591132985","https://openalex.org/W2898654965","https://openalex.org/W2924712344","https://openalex.org/W3018375391","https://openalex.org/W3110317184","https://openalex.org/W3136124754","https://openalex.org/W3210359438","https://openalex.org/W4205951357","https://openalex.org/W4206635311","https://openalex.org/W4221049349","https://openalex.org/W4231428465","https://openalex.org/W4283736664","https://openalex.org/W4311608109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W858007578","https://openalex.org/W4390654991","https://openalex.org/W2591132985","https://openalex.org/W4405661582","https://openalex.org/W2923361407","https://openalex.org/W6981478608","https://openalex.org/W2083179589","https://openalex.org/W3043453799","https://openalex.org/W3204893911","https://openalex.org/W2393145442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"transport":[1,69],"systems,":[2,44,78],"as":[3,35,37,127,129,210,212,260,262,375,377,391,393],"large":[4,63],"energy":[5,33,106],"consumers":[6],"and":[7,15,56,108,173,208,264,281,313,364,396],"important":[8,100,269,323,331],"contributors":[9],"to":[10,30,38,53,62,102,125,165,175,229],"greenhouse":[11],"(GHG),":[12],"criteria":[13],"pollutant":[14],"noise":[16],"emissions":[17],"worldwide,":[18,155,255,384],"have":[19,151,216,267],"been":[20,152],"permanently":[21],"challenged":[22],"by":[23,81,114,202],"the":[24,67,105,115,118,135,166,169,188,196,218,221,234,237,248,274,287,293,296,334,344,357,360,370],"continuously":[25],"increased":[26],"stringent":[27,54],"environmental":[28,41,55,109,132],"standards":[29],"improve":[31],"its":[32,40,130],"efficiency,":[34],"well":[36,128,211,261,376,392],"reduce":[39],"footprint.":[42],"Transit":[43],"which":[45,327],"operates":[46],"in":[47,289,333],"urban":[48,68],"areas,":[49],"are":[50,146,319],"particularly":[51,73],"subjected":[52],"efficiency":[57,107,120],"regulations,":[58],"given":[59,117,181],"their":[60,182],"proximity":[61],"population":[64],"concentrations,":[65],"alongside":[66],"corridors.":[70],"This":[71,351],"is":[72],"true":[74],"for":[75,138,220,227,309,343],"bus":[76,144,224,280,363],"transit":[77,95,143,179,225,362],"mostly":[79],"powered":[80,142,244],"internal":[82],"combustion":[83],"engines":[84],"(ICE),":[85],"generally":[86],"fueled":[87],"with":[88,156,160,195,233,245,295,385],"fossil":[89],"diesel":[90],"fuel.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93,349],"context,":[94],"systems'":[96],"electrification":[97,222],"plays":[98],"an":[99,330],"role":[101,332],"reach":[103],"both":[104,257,277],"performance":[110],"targets,":[111],"currently":[112,286,320],"set":[113],"governments,":[116],"high":[119,184],"of":[121,190,223,236,247,276,348,356,359,380],"electric":[122,278,361],"drivetrains":[123],"(compared":[124],"ICE),":[126],"reduced":[131,161],"impact,":[133],"provided":[134],"sustainable":[136],"pathways":[137],"electricity":[139,282],"generation.":[140],"Electric":[141,241],"systems":[145,226],"not":[147],"new":[148],"-":[149],"they":[150],"successfully":[153],"used":[154],"trolleybus":[157],"technology,":[158,243,291],"however,":[159],"operational":[162,395],"flexibility":[163],"(due":[164],"dependency":[167],"on":[168,273,306,369,388,394],"electrical":[170],"power":[171],"network)":[172],"restricted":[174],"highly":[176,304],"loaded":[177,231],"demand":[178],"corridors,":[180,232],"inherent":[183],"infrastructure":[185,283],"costs.":[186],"However,":[187],"advent":[189],"battery":[191,204,279,290,366],"technology":[192,250,335,389],"development,":[193],"associated":[194],"whole":[197],"electronics":[198],"industry,":[199],"driven":[200],"mainly":[201],"improved":[203],"energy&power":[205],"densities,":[206],"reliability":[207],"durability,":[209],"remarkable":[213],"cost":[214,397],"reductions,":[215],"opened":[217],"way":[219],"low":[228],"medium":[230],"use":[235,347],"so":[238],"called":[239],"Battery":[240],"Bus(BEB)":[242],"state":[246],"art":[249],"traction":[251,365],"batteries.":[252],"Important":[253],"cities":[254],"from":[256],"Asia,":[258],"Europe,":[259],"North":[263,314],"South":[265,316],"America,":[266],"launched":[268],"BEB":[270,298,324,382],"experiences,":[271],"focused":[272],"assessment":[275],"technology.":[284,350],"China,":[285],"leader":[288],"leads":[292],"way,":[294],"higher":[297],"fleet":[299],"under":[300],"commercial":[301],"service,":[302],"albeit":[303],"supported":[305],"public":[307],"subsidies":[308],"vehicle":[310],"acquisitions.":[311],"European":[312],"&":[315],"American":[317],"countries":[318],"also":[321],"implementing":[322],"pilot":[325],"programs,":[326],"might":[328],"play":[329],"maturation":[336],"pathway,":[337],"providing":[338],"a":[339,354,378,386],"valuable":[340],"learning":[341],"curve":[342],"future":[345],"massive":[346],"work":[352],"presents":[353],"review":[355],"status":[358],"technologies,":[367],"based":[368],"current":[371,381],"available":[372],"technical":[373],"literature,":[374],"snapshot":[379],"programs":[383],"focus":[387],"maturity,":[390],"topics.":[398]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-02-11T00:00:00"}