{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319829291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1363919622500554","title":"TECHNOLOGY PURCHASE, IN-HOUSE R&D, AND PATENTING: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FIRMS IN HIGH- AND MEDIUM-TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES IN INDIA","display_name":"TECHNOLOGY PURCHASE, IN-HOUSE R&D, AND PATENTING: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FIRMS IN HIGH- AND MEDIUM-TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES IN INDIA","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319829291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1363919622500554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1363919622500554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1363919622500554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1363919622500554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181388337","display_name":"International Journal of Innovation Management","issn_l":"1363-9196","issn":["1363-9196","1757-5877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311754","host_organization_name":"Imperial College Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Imperial College Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Innovation Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043053362","display_name":"Mohammad Danish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4305-882X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4305-882X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MOHAMMAD DANISH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Scholar at the Centre for Transformative Innovation, School of Business, Law and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, 3122, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4305-882X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Scholar at the Centre for Transformative Innovation, School of Business, Law and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, 3122, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060763885","display_name":"Madan Dhanora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3023-3086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3023-3086"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MADAN DHANORA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor of Economics, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Bhopal, M.P, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor of Economics, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Bhopal, M.P, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043189817","display_name":"Muhammad Harish","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. D. HARISH","raw_affiliation_strings":["M.A Economics, Department of Economics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M.A Economics, Department of Economics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78560383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"07","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.01720000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-house-r-d","display_name":"in-house R&D","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patenting","display_name":"patenting","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-tech-industry","display_name":"high-tech industry","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trips-agreement","display_name":"TRIPS Agreement","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-complementarity","display_name":"R&D complementarity","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverted-u-shaped-relationship","display_name":"inverted U-shaped relationship","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-innovation","display_name":"business innovation","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.7007360458374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.5925180912017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5555042028427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199335787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743364","display_name":"Negative binomial distribution","level":3,"score":0.5362740159034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47914689779281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4243372082710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.41510143876075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1831372082233429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12048012018203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09805303812026978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07707160711288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07412117719650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1363919622500554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1363919622500554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1363919622500554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181388337","display_name":"International Journal of Innovation Management","issn_l":"1363-9196","issn":["1363-9196","1757-5877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311754","host_organization_name":"Imperial College Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Imperial College Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Innovation Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:ijimxx:v:26:y:2022:i:07:n:s1363919622500554","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1363919622500554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143395785","https://openalex.org/W566586761","https://openalex.org/W593347228","https://openalex.org/W1495656322","https://openalex.org/W1528083224","https://openalex.org/W1536807825","https://openalex.org/W1576022032","https://openalex.org/W1626620768","https://openalex.org/W1968377036","https://openalex.org/W1968996314","https://openalex.org/W1971939663","https://openalex.org/W1973247861","https://openalex.org/W1973324552","https://openalex.org/W1975350673","https://openalex.org/W1976256921","https://openalex.org/W1976925668","https://openalex.org/W1977722216","https://openalex.org/W1979842899","https://openalex.org/W1984524168","https://openalex.org/W1998136707","https://openalex.org/W1998576834","https://openalex.org/W2005144066","https://openalex.org/W2010156269","https://openalex.org/W2012293605","https://openalex.org/W2015342694","https://openalex.org/W2016826408","https://openalex.org/W2023755477","https://openalex.org/W2024781622","https://openalex.org/W2024995279","https://openalex.org/W2025001207","https://openalex.org/W2027420968","https://openalex.org/W2028818715","https://openalex.org/W2030753430","https://openalex.org/W2042213348","https://openalex.org/W2049468389","https://openalex.org/W2054633886","https://openalex.org/W2056043908","https://openalex.org/W2056739133","https://openalex.org/W2060446420","https://openalex.org/W2068242680","https://openalex.org/W2068899441","https://openalex.org/W2069853331","https://openalex.org/W2069866640","https://openalex.org/W2070918228","https://openalex.org/W2076508265","https://openalex.org/W2078142139","https://openalex.org/W2078867936","https://openalex.org/W2080362433","https://openalex.org/W2083881740","https://openalex.org/W2087712586","https://openalex.org/W2089901386","https://openalex.org/W2090035413","https://openalex.org/W2099283206","https://openalex.org/W2101832879","https://openalex.org/W2104469281","https://openalex.org/W2104948296","https://openalex.org/W2112688840","https://openalex.org/W2113801185","https://openalex.org/W2114026318","https://openalex.org/W2117987411","https://openalex.org/W2119652992","https://openalex.org/W2121721734","https://openalex.org/W2122595797","https://openalex.org/W2123835737","https://openalex.org/W2133624560","https://openalex.org/W2133733224","https://openalex.org/W2134566129","https://openalex.org/W2135719447","https://openalex.org/W2143160986","https://openalex.org/W2147887435","https://openalex.org/W2148072480","https://openalex.org/W2154201544","https://openalex.org/W2161906001","https://openalex.org/W2179492332","https://openalex.org/W2298932813","https://openalex.org/W2339066193","https://openalex.org/W2485147490","https://openalex.org/W2487732611","https://openalex.org/W2516558582","https://openalex.org/W2611646501","https://openalex.org/W2770202213","https://openalex.org/W2772595144","https://openalex.org/W2790920181","https://openalex.org/W2892194323","https://openalex.org/W2923846090","https://openalex.org/W2990142152","https://openalex.org/W3021371381","https://openalex.org/W3122672724","https://openalex.org/W3123348700","https://openalex.org/W3123586215","https://openalex.org/W3123590692","https://openalex.org/W3124282713","https://openalex.org/W3124536214","https://openalex.org/W3124649769","https://openalex.org/W3126001644","https://openalex.org/W4243361015","https://openalex.org/W4248871729","https://openalex.org/W4252121802","https://openalex.org/W4301171116","https://openalex.org/W4388151924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2799578695","https://openalex.org/W2895312768","https://openalex.org/W2806719551","https://openalex.org/W2894777071","https://openalex.org/W2806562198","https://openalex.org/W2021755161","https://openalex.org/W2889980343","https://openalex.org/W3146333178","https://openalex.org/W3121563008","https://openalex.org/W2184210688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,22],"examines":[2],"the":[3,34,54,68,82,85,113,123],"relationship":[4,74,91,103],"between":[5,75,92,104,115],"technology":[6,57,76,95,107,119],"purchase,":[7,108],"in-house":[8,79,93,105,116],"R&D,":[9,106],"and":[10,18,30,36,49,61,78,94,109,118,135],"patenting":[11,62,110],"activities":[12],"of":[13,56,67,84,150],"firms":[14],"in":[15,155],"India\u2019s":[16],"high-":[17],"medium-technology":[19],"industries.":[20],"The":[21,65,145],"is":[23,130],"divided":[24],"into":[25,142],"two":[26],"periods,":[27],"i.e.,":[28],"1995\u20132005":[29],"2006\u20132015,":[31],"based":[32],"on":[33,147],"pre-":[35],"post-product":[37],"patent":[38,138],"amendment1act,":[39],"2005.":[40],"We":[41],"employ":[42],"a":[43,72,89],"negative":[44],"binomial":[45],"model":[46],"with":[47,144],"fixed":[48],"random":[50],"effects":[51],"to":[52,132],"estimate":[53],"impact":[55],"purchase":[58,77,120],"over":[59],"R&D":[60,69,117],"activity,":[63],"respectively.":[64],"estimates":[66,83],"equation":[70,87],"suggest":[71,88],"complementary":[73],"R&D.":[80],"However,":[81,112],"patents":[86],"substitute":[90],"purchase.":[96],"Further,":[97],"we":[98],"find":[99],"an":[100],"inverted":[101],"U-shaped":[102],"activities.":[111],"interaction":[114],"positively":[121],"moderates":[122],"nonlinear":[124],"relationships.":[125],"Lastly,":[126],"our":[127],"estimated":[128],"result":[129],"sensitive":[131],"different":[133],"industries":[134],"periods.1The":[136],"product":[137],"amendment":[139],"act":[140],"came":[141],"effect":[143],"Agreement":[146],"Trade-Related":[148],"Aspects":[149],"Intellectual":[151],"Property":[152],"Rights":[153],"(TRIPs-2005)":[154],"India.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}