{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319345232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18060/27151","title":"Development of PET Tracers of Glutamine Metabolism","display_name":"Development of PET Tracers of Glutamine Metabolism","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319345232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18060/27151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18060/27151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18060/27151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18060/27151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207624","display_name":"Proceedings of IMPRS","issn_l":"2641-2470","issn":["2641-2470"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316553","host_organization_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indiana University School of Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of IMPRS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18060/27151","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011769433","display_name":"Ibrahim Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-6280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-6280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-6280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043595961","display_name":"Chase A. Arkins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chase Arkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033177622","display_name":"Elizabeth Knapek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Knapek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018579443","display_name":"Scott E. Snyder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-9885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-9885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Snyder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002361795","display_name":"Michael I. Schulte","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Schulte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Imaging Ligand Development Program","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11395","display_name":"Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11395","display_name":"Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13561","display_name":"Chemical Reactions and Isotopes","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pet-radiotracer","display_name":"PET radiotracer","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamine-metabolism","display_name":"glutamine metabolism","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/18f-fet","display_name":"18F-FET","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-phase-extraction","display_name":"solid-phase extraction","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorine-18-radiolabeling","display_name":"fluorine-18 radiolabeling","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-liability","display_name":"metabolic liability","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-tumors","display_name":"brain tumors","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosynthesis","display_name":"radiotracer synthesis","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779349466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181619","display_name":"Glutamine","level":3,"score":0.6807016134262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","level":2,"score":0.6087989211082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81426234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408763","display_name":"Solid phase extraction","level":3,"score":0.548721432685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179998833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381233","display_name":"High-performance liquid chromatography","level":2,"score":0.5277310609817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5216051340103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.5211977362632751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017724952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Pet imaging","level":3,"score":0.4506622850894928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994280701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862551","display_name":"Amino acid metabolism","level":3,"score":0.4244998097419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.343075156211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177322064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750955","display_name":"Radiochemistry","level":1,"score":0.33073437213897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.3285452127456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.32270586490631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2845039963722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25995534658432007}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18060/27151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18060/27151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18060/27151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207624","display_name":"Proceedings of IMPRS","issn_l":"2641-2470","issn":["2641-2470"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316553","host_organization_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indiana University School of Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of IMPRS","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.iupui.edu:article/27528","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/insight/article/view/27528","pdf_url":"https://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/insight/article/download/27528/25081","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407051571","display_name":"Insight Indiana University Medical Student Research Journal","issn_l":"2639-1600","issn":["2639-1600"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316241","host_organization_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316241","https://openalex.org/P4310315561"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","Indiana University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2639-1600","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18060/27151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18060/27151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18060/27151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207624","display_name":"Proceedings of IMPRS","issn_l":"2641-2470","issn":["2641-2470"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316553","host_organization_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indiana University School of Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of IMPRS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319345232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319345232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2337308967","https://openalex.org/W4411986303","https://openalex.org/W3014840903","https://openalex.org/W2018093953","https://openalex.org/W2921001883","https://openalex.org/W2947752497","https://openalex.org/W4414183892","https://openalex.org/W1963947780","https://openalex.org/W2346639870","https://openalex.org/W2597746561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"labeling":[1],"of":[2,20,39,80,88,95,129,151,166,174,186,195,199,250,264,279],"amino":[3],"acids":[4],"with":[5,33,75,97,274],"positron-emitting":[6],"radionuclides":[7],"(such":[8],"as":[9,22,256,258],"fluorine-18)":[10],"has":[11,106,229,233],"been":[12,107,169,203],"a":[13,52,122,144,265],"widely":[14],"used":[15],"approach":[16],"for":[17,73,90,101,148,157,162,252],"the":[18,86,93,98,127,149,155,163,262],"imaging":[19],"tumors":[21],"it":[23],"often":[24],"provides":[25],"higher":[26],"diagnostic":[27],"accuracy":[28],"than":[29],"what":[30],"is":[31,51,60,121,224],"observed":[32],"[18F]FDG.":[34],"In":[35],"particular,":[36],"PET":[37,54,277],"tracers":[38,193,278],"glutamine":[40,200,280],"metabolism":[41,201,238],"have":[42,168,202],"garnered":[43],"significant":[44],"attention":[45],"in":[46,56,109,126,205,239],"recent":[47],"years.":[48],"O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine":[49],"(18F-FET)":[50],"promising":[53],"tracer":[55,227,267],"this":[57,104,138],"regard":[58],"and":[59,113,120,208,219],"currently":[61,275],"under":[62],"investigation":[63],"at":[64,82],"Indiana":[65],"University":[66],"(IU)":[67],"through":[68],"an":[69,247],"expanded":[70],"access":[71],"IND":[72],"patients":[74],"brain":[76],"malignancies.":[77],"Clinical":[78],"production":[79],"18F-FET":[81],"IU":[83],"previously":[84,170],"required":[85],"use":[87],"HPLC":[89,115,158],"purification,":[91],"following":[92],"reaction":[94],"fluorine-18":[96],"precursor":[99],"molecule":[100],"FET.":[102],"While":[103,191],"method":[105,147],"successful":[108],"removing":[110],"undesirable":[111,237],"impurities":[112],"byproducts,":[114],"significantly":[116],"increases":[117],"synthesis":[118,128,182,249],"time":[119],"common":[123],"failure":[124],"point":[125],"FET":[130,167],"on":[131,180],"our":[132,181,244,259],"current":[133],"radiochemistry":[134],"module.":[135],"To":[136],"address":[137,270],"issue,":[139],"we":[140,242],"aimed":[141],"to":[142,236],"deploy":[143],"solid-phase-extraction":[145],"(SPE)":[146],"purification":[150,165],"FET,":[152],"thereby":[153],"eliminating":[154],"need":[156],"purification.":[159],"Several":[160],"methods":[161,188],"SPE":[164],"reported;":[171],"however,":[172],"none":[173],"these":[175],"strategies":[176],"afforded":[177],"pure":[178],"[18F]FET":[179,251],"module,":[183],"thus":[184],"development":[185,263],"new":[187],"was":[189],"required.":[190],"several":[192],"capable":[194],"measuring":[196],"different":[197],"aspects":[198],"evaluated":[204],"both":[206],"preclinical":[207],"clinical":[209,254],"studies,":[210],"there":[211],"are":[212],"metabolic":[213,271],"liabilities":[214,272],"that":[215,228,268],"limit":[216],"their":[217],"utility":[218],"complicate":[220],"data":[221],"analysis.":[222],"[18F]-4F-glutamine":[223],"one":[225],"such":[226],"shown":[230],"promise":[231],"but":[232],"limitations":[234],"due":[235],"vivo.":[240],"Herein":[241],"report":[243],"progress":[245,260],"towards":[246,261],"improved":[248],"ongoing":[253],"studies":[255],"well":[257],"novel":[266],"would":[269],"associated":[273],"available":[276],"metabolism.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-02-08T00:00:00"}