{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319264530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2023.0009","title":"Necessary Existence, Immutability, and God's Knowledge of Particulars: A Reply to Amirhossein Zadyousefi","display_name":"Necessary Existence, Immutability, and God's Knowledge of Particulars: A Reply to Amirhossein Zadyousefi","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319264530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2023.0009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/pew.2023.0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2023.0009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2023.0009","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/5/article/879563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196911494","display_name":"Philosophy East and West","issn_l":"0031-8221","issn":["0031-8221","1529-1898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy East and West","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/5/article/879563","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081080208","display_name":"Ebrahim Azadegan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-0448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-0448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ebrahim Azadegan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy of Science, Sharif University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy of Science, Sharif University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081080208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"1","first_page":"188","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.7764000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.7764000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13144","display_name":"Theology and Philosophy of Evil","score":0.08389999717473984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12511","display_name":"Medieval and Classical Philosophy","score":0.05550000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/necessary-existence","display_name":"necessary existence","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divine-foreknowledge","display_name":"divine foreknowledge","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divine-providence","display_name":"divine providence","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divine-foreordination","display_name":"divine foreordination","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divine-eternity","display_name":"divine eternity","score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divine-perfection","display_name":"divine perfection","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777344014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306661","display_name":"Anguish","level":2,"score":0.674996018409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779115301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752118","display_name":"Sympathy","level":2,"score":0.6416614055633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776126399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3942906","display_name":"Immutability","level":3,"score":0.6076208353042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780422510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027938","display_name":"Humanity","level":2,"score":0.5696440935134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5497102737426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.4571951627731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.4187122583389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.36640018224716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34763118624687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2743802070617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1907406747341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.18715867400169373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/pew.2023.0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2023.0009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2023.0009","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/5/article/879563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196911494","display_name":"Philosophy East and West","issn_l":"0031-8221","issn":["0031-8221","1529-1898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy East and West","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/AZANEI","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/AZANEI","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/AZANEI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/879563","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/5/article/879563/pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/AZANEI","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/AZANEI","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/pew.2023.0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2023.0009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2023.0009","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/5/article/879563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196911494","display_name":"Philosophy East and West","issn_l":"0031-8221","issn":["0031-8221","1529-1898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy East and West","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319264530.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319264530.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2900921664","https://openalex.org/W3096181199","https://openalex.org/W4213137213","https://openalex.org/W4238471839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6922370272","https://openalex.org/W4405116895","https://openalex.org/W7058671259","https://openalex.org/W3121923630","https://openalex.org/W2526126657","https://openalex.org/W2463123576","https://openalex.org/W3048413966","https://openalex.org/W7134714587","https://openalex.org/W2592150215","https://openalex.org/W2297161123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Necessary":[0],"Existence,":[1],"Immutability,":[2],"and":[3,25,71,121,123,144,186,197,224,232,296,306,316,322,342,352,383,391,398,418,435,475,478,565,580,599,641,660],"God's":[4,380],"Knowledge":[5],"of":[6,39,46,73,105,222,284,289,293,318,405,428,505,524,558,569,575,589,594,631,634,647,650],"Particulars:A":[7],"Reply":[8],"to":[9,31,43,80,140,192,200,301,327,379,447,461,485,502,653],"Amirhossein":[10],"Zadyousefi":[11],"Ebrahim":[12],"Azadegan":[13],"(bio)":[14],"From":[15],"the":[16,37,44,84,103,106,168,172,217,220,228,230,246,256,282,314,335,357,363,375,402,406,426,429,503,535,553,570,602,616,632,635,637,645,683],"Qur'an,":[17],"Surah":[18,158],"Maryam:":[19],"(21)":[20],"So":[21],"she":[22,50],"conceived":[23],"him,":[24],"went":[26],"in":[27,163,216,245,251,311,349,374,388,401,410,464,552,601,623],"seclusion":[28],"with":[29,153,195,227,441,534],"him":[30],"a":[32,47,68,94,138,160,211,272,396,442,522,527],"remote":[33],"place.":[34],"(22)":[35],"And":[36,127],"pains":[38],"childbirth":[40],"drove":[41],"her":[42,53,81,180,184,187,194,202,204],"trunk":[45,104],"palm":[48,107],"tree:":[49,108],"cried":[51,79],"(in":[52],"anguish):":[54],"\"Ah!":[55],"would":[56,669],"that":[57,64,174,241,259,366,372,466,667],"I":[58,65,148,238,494,500,640],"had":[59,66],"died":[60],"before":[61],"this!":[62],"Would":[63],"been":[67,369],"thing":[69],"forgotten":[70],"out":[72],"sight!\"":[74],"(23)":[75],"But":[76,422],"(a":[77],"voice)":[78],"from":[82,281,334,415,432],"beneath":[83,96],"(palm":[85],"tree):":[86],"\"Grieve":[87],"not!":[88],"for":[89,177,304,618],"thy":[90],"Lord":[91],"hath":[92],"provided":[93],"rivulet":[95],"thee;\"":[97],"(24)":[98],"\"And":[99],"shake":[100],"towards":[101],"thyself":[102],"it":[109,663],"will":[110,147,345],"let":[111],"fall":[112],"fresh":[113],"ripe":[114],"dates":[115],"upon":[116,665],"thee.\"":[117],"(25)":[118],"\"So":[119],"eat":[120],"drink":[122],"cool":[124],"(thine)":[125],"eye.":[126],"if":[128],"thou":[129],"dost":[130],"see":[131],"any":[132,154],"man":[133],"say":[134],"'I":[135],"have":[136,253,368],"vowed":[137],"fast":[139],"(Allah)":[141],"Most":[142],"Gracious,":[143],"this":[145,208,411],"day":[146],"enter":[149],"into":[150,584],"no":[151],"talk":[152],"human":[155,161],"being.'\"":[156],"This":[157],"depicts":[159],"being":[162,273,483],"unbearable":[164],"pain.":[165],"What":[166],"makes":[167],"pain":[169],"tolerable":[170],"is":[171,190,214,261,355,362,377,413,445,519,596,664,682],"sympathy":[173],"God":[175,189,212,260,443,666,679],"shows":[176],"Mary.":[178],"Hearing":[179],"inner":[181],"voice,":[182],"understanding":[183,588,593,630],"suffering":[185],"grief,":[188],"moved":[191],"provide":[193,615],"practical":[196],"substantive":[198],"support":[199],"help":[201],"bear":[203],"agony.":[205],"For":[206],"me":[207],"story":[209],"portrays":[210],"who":[213,234,276,286,309,444,449,458,476],"active":[215],"world,":[218,337],"hears":[219],"supplications":[221,386],"humanity,":[223],"has":[225,277,287,297,323,339,360,395,450],"empathy":[226],"needy,":[229],"oppressed,":[231],"those":[233],"are":[235,387,439],"suffering.":[236],"Yet":[237],"am":[239,495],"concerned":[240],"our":[242,279,319,350,385,416,531,544,559,562,567,576,587,592,619,626,648,657,671],"theological":[243,266,436,577,658],"traditions":[244],"Islamic":[247],"world":[248,358,376,529],"(as":[249],"also":[250,614],"Christendom)":[252],"developed":[254],"through":[255],"centuries":[257],"such":[258,433],"now":[262],"seen,":[263],"by":[264],"overwhelming":[265],"consensus,":[267],"as":[268,471,482],"an":[269,549],"immutable":[270],"being,":[271],"outside":[274],"time":[275],"determined":[278],"providence":[280],"standpoint":[283],"eternity,":[285],"foreknowledge":[288],"every":[290,393,506],"free":[291,431],"action":[292],"his":[294],"creations":[295],"designed":[298],"all":[299],"according":[300,378],"His":[302,389,454],"plan":[303,390],"past":[305],"future":[307],"events;":[308],"knows":[310],"advance":[312],"even":[313,384,566],"timings":[315],"contents":[317],"petitionary":[320],"prayers":[321],"decided":[324],"already":[325],"whether":[326],"answer":[328],"them.":[329],"Aloof":[330],"[End":[331],"Page":[332],"188]":[333],"mundane":[336],"He":[338,354,359,467],"predetermined":[340,381],"when":[341,423,508],"where":[343],"he":[344,509],"act":[346],"or":[347,530],"intervene":[348],"world;":[351],"since":[353,543],"perfect,":[356],"created":[361],"most":[364],"perfect":[365],"could":[367],"actualized.":[370],"Everything":[371],"happened":[373],"plan,":[382],"so":[392],"event":[394],"role":[397,551,633],"special":[399],"place":[400],"jigsaw":[403],"puzzle":[404],"best-designed":[407],"world.":[408,421,603],"God,":[409],"picture,":[412],"transcendent":[414],"dirty":[417],"intractable":[419],"material":[420],"we":[424,438,555,668,685],"read":[425],"text":[427],"Qur'an":[430],"philosophical":[434],"doctrine,":[437],"confronted":[440],"close":[446,484,497],"us,":[448],"on":[451,511,656],"occasion":[452],"changed":[453],"verdicts":[455],"(Q":[456,473,513],"2:106),":[457],"asks":[459],"us":[460,470,681],"aid":[462,469],"Him":[463],"order":[465],"may":[468],"well":[472],"47:7),":[474],"clearly":[477],"firmly":[479],"introduces":[480],"Himself":[481],"us:":[486],"\"When":[487],"My":[488],"servants":[489],"ask":[490],"thee":[491],"concerning":[492],"Me,":[493],"indeed":[496],"(to":[498],"them);":[499],"listen":[501],"prayer":[504],"suppliant":[507],"calls":[510],"Me\"":[512],"2:186).":[514],"Nevertheless,":[515],"theology":[516,541],"matters.":[517],"Theology":[518,604],"not":[520,609],"merely":[521],"system":[523],"beliefs":[525],"about":[526,546],"transcendental":[528],"personal":[532,563],"relationship":[533],"sacred.":[536],"As":[537,673],"Carol":[538],"Christ":[539],"explains,":[540],"matters":[542,605],"ideas":[545],"divinity":[547,590],"play":[548],"essential":[550],"way":[554,678,684],"make":[556],"sense":[557],"religious":[560,607],"experiences,":[561,564],"experience":[568],"world.1":[571],"The":[572],"ethical":[573,620],"implications":[574],"views":[578],"can":[579],"must":[581],"be":[582],"taken":[583],"consideration,":[585],"because":[586,606],"shapes":[591,625],"what":[595],"right,":[597],"just,":[598],"wrong":[600],"symbols":[608],"only":[610],"articulate":[611],"meaning,":[612],"but":[613],"grounds":[617],"decision-making,":[621],"which":[622],"turn":[624],"social-political":[627],"order.":[628],"Our":[629],"state,":[636],"relation":[638],"between":[639],"Thou,":[642],"family":[643],"law,":[644],"constitutions":[646],"societies\u2014all":[649],"these":[651],"depend":[652],"some":[654],"extent":[655],"backgrounds":[659],"views.":[661],"Indeed,":[662],"model":[670],"lives.":[672],"John":[674],"Sanders":[675],"writes:":[676],"\"The":[677],"treats":[680],"should...":[686]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2023-02-06T00:00:00"}