{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318924217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","title":"Is N-acetylcysteine effective in treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019? A meta-analysis","display_name":"Is N-acetylcysteine effective in treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019? A meta-analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318924217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36728396","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12755568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187201833","display_name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association","issn_l":"1726-4901","issn":["1726-4901","1728-7731"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101732926","display_name":"Chih\u2010Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-0679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-0679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803004286","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kai-Feng Hung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803004286","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Feng Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047243112","display_name":"Chii-Yuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8847-0100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8847-0100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803004286","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chii-Yuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014242880","display_name":"Jing-Li Leong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803004286","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Li Leong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059739856","display_name":"Yuan-Chia Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0997-5168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0997-5168"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191969501","display_name":"National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science","ror":"https://ror.org/019z71f50","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191969501"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803004286","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Chia Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Information Management Office, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Medical AI Development Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191969501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Management Office, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical AI Development Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737393","display_name":"Chun\u2010Yu Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-4425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-4425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097004","display_name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00q017g63","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097004"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Yu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021011934","display_name":"Mong\u2010Lien Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-9131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-9131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803004286","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097004","display_name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00q017g63","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097004"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mong-Lien Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC","Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104104164","display_name":"Shih-Hwa Chiou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803004286","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Hwa Chiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080442723","display_name":"Yen\u2010Fu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-5854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-5854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803004286","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Fu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080442723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613","https://openalex.org/I2803004286"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3821,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40664424,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"3","first_page":"274","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-acetylcysteine","display_name":"N-acetylcysteine","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-repurposing","display_name":"drug repurposing","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intubation-rate","display_name":"intubation rate","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygenation","display_name":"oxygenation","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icu-length-of-stay","display_name":"ICU length of stay","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/length-of-hospital-stay","display_name":"length of hospital stay","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trial-sequential-analysis","display_name":"trial sequential analysis","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy","display_name":"treatment efficacy","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-s-transferase-a1","display_name":"glutathione S-transferase A1","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-s-transferase-a2","display_name":"glutathione S-transferase A2","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9568895697593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.8214532136917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778716859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939018","display_name":"Intubation","level":2,"score":0.5276212692260742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.504041850566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4959746301174164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.484519898891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.4130845069885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3858541250228882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.30854684114456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.18936455249786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.13298282027244568}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000111","descriptor_name":"Acetylcysteine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007902","descriptor_name":"Length of Stay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187201833","display_name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association","issn_l":"1726-4901","issn":["1726-4901","1728-7731"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12755568","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12755568/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12755568/pdf/ca9-86-274.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Chin Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36728396","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36728396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","raw_type":"Meta-Analysis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187201833","display_name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association","issn_l":"1726-4901","issn":["1726-4901","1728-7731"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323440","display_name":"University System of Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/054kvr030"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318924217.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318924217.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8006644","https://openalex.org/W1598602811","https://openalex.org/W1966238900","https://openalex.org/W2002592591","https://openalex.org/W2049873771","https://openalex.org/W2104590780","https://openalex.org/W2125406523","https://openalex.org/W2125435699","https://openalex.org/W2593363470","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2978795816","https://openalex.org/W3005079553","https://openalex.org/W3008443627","https://openalex.org/W3012421327","https://openalex.org/W3013800395","https://openalex.org/W3015438945","https://openalex.org/W3015608194","https://openalex.org/W3021577931","https://openalex.org/W3023982717","https://openalex.org/W3025511956","https://openalex.org/W3027918021","https://openalex.org/W3040801404","https://openalex.org/W3041333867","https://openalex.org/W3042832221","https://openalex.org/W3047731046","https://openalex.org/W3087690274","https://openalex.org/W3109974256","https://openalex.org/W3115027977","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3128294907","https://openalex.org/W3128361403","https://openalex.org/W3132794498","https://openalex.org/W3134564766","https://openalex.org/W3148464065","https://openalex.org/W3152869355","https://openalex.org/W3163226127","https://openalex.org/W3165479483","https://openalex.org/W3167678834","https://openalex.org/W3170317410","https://openalex.org/W3176881890","https://openalex.org/W3195224186","https://openalex.org/W3206865065","https://openalex.org/W3208400521","https://openalex.org/W3217268039","https://openalex.org/W4200560336","https://openalex.org/W4210365826","https://openalex.org/W4213266300","https://openalex.org/W4214845310","https://openalex.org/W4226188227","https://openalex.org/W4312502341","https://openalex.org/W6775295730","https://openalex.org/W6780318990","https://openalex.org/W6793794993","https://openalex.org/W6966828216","https://openalex.org/W7061351806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391251861","https://openalex.org/W4315620030","https://openalex.org/W4412727234","https://openalex.org/W4380791850","https://openalex.org/W4385151256","https://openalex.org/W4405965626","https://openalex.org/W4386899035","https://openalex.org/W3109802806","https://openalex.org/W4206309753","https://openalex.org/W4311028657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Coronavirus":[1],"disease":[2],"2019":[3],"(COVID-19)":[4],"is":[5,274,282],"a":[6,270],"global":[7],"pandemic":[8],"caused":[9],"by":[10],"severe":[11],"acute":[12],"respiratory":[13,294],"syndrome":[14],"coronavirus":[15],"type":[16],"2":[17],"(SARS-CoV-2).":[18],"It":[19],"has":[20,39],"brought":[21],"tremendous":[22],"challenges":[23],"to":[24,91,199,214,229,293],"public":[25],"health":[26],"and":[27,66,78,84,136,150,166,169,237,301],"medical":[28],"systems":[29],"around":[30],"the":[31,44,56,63,71,97,124,132,147,151,262,265],"world.":[32],"The":[33,110,154,171,277],"current":[34,278],"strategy":[35],"for":[36,75,259,264,285],"drug":[37],"repurposing":[38],"accumulated":[40],"some":[41],"evidence":[42,57,279],"on":[43,115],"use":[45],"of":[46,99,141,162,192,298],"N":[47],"-acetylcysteine":[48],"(NAC)":[49],"in":[50,101,131,177],"treating":[51,102,286],"patients":[52,103,143,287],"with":[53,70,104,288,291],"COVID-19.":[54],"However,":[55],"remains":[58],"debated.":[59],"METHODS:":[60],"We":[61],"performed":[62],"systematic":[64],"review":[65,111,135],"meta-analysis":[67],"that":[68,269],"complies":[69],"Preferred":[72],"Reporting":[73],"Items":[74],"Systematic":[76],"Reviews":[77],"Meta-Analyses":[79],"(PRISMA)":[80],"guidelines.":[81],"Five":[82],"databases":[83],"reference":[85],"lists":[86],"were":[87,106,129,144],"searched":[88],"from":[89,123],"inception":[90],"May":[92],"14,":[93],"2022.":[94],"Studies":[95],"evaluating":[96],"efficacy":[98],"NAC":[100,148,281],"COVID-19":[105],"regarded":[107],"as":[108],"eligible.":[109],"was":[112],"registered":[113],"prospectively":[114],"PROSPERO":[116],"(CRD42022332791).":[117],"RESULTS:":[118],"Of":[119],"778":[120],"records":[121],"identified":[122],"preliminary":[125],"search,":[126],"four":[127],"studies":[128],"enrolled":[130],"final":[133],"qualitative":[134],"quantitative":[137],"meta-analysis.":[138],"A":[139],"total":[140],"355":[142],"allocated":[145],"into":[146],"group":[149],"control":[152],"group.":[153],"evaluated":[155],"outcomes":[156,267],"included":[157],"intubation":[158,178],"rate,":[159],"improvement,":[160],"duration":[161,297],"intensive":[163],"unit":[164],"stay":[165,168,208,223,300],"hospital":[167,222,302],"mortality.":[170],"pooled":[172],"results":[173,258],"showed":[174,255],"nonsignificant":[175,257],"differences":[176],"rate":[179],"(OR,":[180,239],"0.55;":[181,218],"95%":[182,196,211,226,241],"CI,":[183,197,212,227,242],"0.16-1.89;":[184],"p":[185,201,216,231,244],"=":[186,189,202,205,217,220,232,235,245,248],"0.34;":[187],"I2":[188,204,219,234,247],"75%),":[190],"improvement":[191],"oxygenation":[193],"([MD],":[194],"80.84;":[195],"-38.16":[198],"199.84;":[200],"0.18;":[203],"98%),":[206],"ICU":[207,299],"(MD,":[209,224],"-0.74;":[210],"-3.19":[213],"1.71;":[215],"95%),":[221],"-1.05;":[225],"-3.02":[228],"0.92;":[230],"0.30;":[233],"90%),":[236],"mortality":[238],"0.58;":[240],"0.23-1.45;":[243],"0.24;":[246],"54%).":[249],"Subsequent":[250],"trial":[251],"sequential":[252],"analysis":[253],"(TSA)":[254],"conclusive":[256],"mortality,":[260,296],"while":[261],"TSA":[263],"other":[266],"suggested":[268],"larger":[271],"sample":[272],"size":[273],"essential.":[275],"CONCLUSIONS:":[276],"reveals":[280],"not":[283],"beneficial":[284],"COVID-":[289],"19":[290],"regard":[292],"outcome,":[295],"stay.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2023-02-03T00:00:00"}