{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318339482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002503","title":"Impact of metformin on the incidence of human cholangiocarcinoma in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Impact of metformin on the incidence of human cholangiocarcinoma in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318339482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002503","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36708293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000002503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S937433771","display_name":"European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","issn_l":"0954-691X","issn":["0954-691X","0594-691X","1473-5687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071624316","display_name":"Alice Laffusa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8313-612X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8313-612X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110840","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf83457","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Laffusa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840","https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071808773","display_name":"Antonio Ciaccio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-221X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-221X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110840","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf83457","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Ciaccio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840","https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048389523","display_name":"Alessandra Elvevi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9841-2051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9841-2051"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110840","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf83457","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Elvevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840","https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106496880","display_name":"Camilla Gallo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-7220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-7220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110840","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf83457","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camilla Gallo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840","https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077633207","display_name":"Laura Ratti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110840","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf83457","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Ratti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840","https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065511179","display_name":"Pietro Invernizzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-1998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-1998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110840","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf83457","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Invernizzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840","https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020688541","display_name":"Sara Massironi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-8192","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-8192"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110840","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf83457","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sara Massironi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com","to Sara Massironi, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology San Gerardo Hospital, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy Tel: +39 03923313988"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840","https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.eurojgh.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"to Sara Massironi, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology San Gerardo Hospital, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy Tel: +39 03923313988","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020688541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110840","https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5214,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48707058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"241","last_page":"247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11364","display_name":"Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies","score":0.7612000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11364","display_name":"Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies","score":0.7612000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.23569999635219574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10231","display_name":"Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholangiocarcinoma","display_name":"cholangiocarcinoma","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-incidence","display_name":"cancer incidence","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemoprevention","display_name":"chemoprevention","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cancer","display_name":"liver cancer","score":0.4650000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484","display_name":"Metformin","level":3,"score":0.9601194858551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9321938753128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.7637288570404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6795403957366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.6533148288726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.6410068273544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5838031768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5023965835571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4822441041469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.44864165782928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.4157605767250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.41018882393836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.18479496240615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.11784151196479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001650","descriptor_name":"Bile Duct Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001650","descriptor_name":"Bile Duct Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001653","descriptor_name":"Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008687","descriptor_name":"Metformin","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008687","descriptor_name":"Metformin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018281","descriptor_name":"Cholangiocarcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018281","descriptor_name":"Cholangiocarcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000002503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S937433771","display_name":"European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology","issn_l":"0954-691X","issn":["0954-691X","0594-691X","1473-5687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36708293","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36708293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology","raw_type":"Meta-Analysis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/442418","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10281/442418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unisr.it:20.500.11768/172036","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11768/172036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055348","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Universit\u00e0 Vita-Salute San Raffaele","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W271304362","https://openalex.org/W1845565209","https://openalex.org/W1968139563","https://openalex.org/W1975960651","https://openalex.org/W1985553160","https://openalex.org/W1987117090","https://openalex.org/W2021183792","https://openalex.org/W2035515971","https://openalex.org/W2056141986","https://openalex.org/W2062999758","https://openalex.org/W2101356050","https://openalex.org/W2119994212","https://openalex.org/W2142625458","https://openalex.org/W2148755064","https://openalex.org/W2227139775","https://openalex.org/W2309818502","https://openalex.org/W2313448551","https://openalex.org/W2337387091","https://openalex.org/W2562388091","https://openalex.org/W2594847724","https://openalex.org/W2763492611","https://openalex.org/W2765503462","https://openalex.org/W2770703028","https://openalex.org/W2803540299","https://openalex.org/W2943849622","https://openalex.org/W2973596517","https://openalex.org/W2982703253","https://openalex.org/W3085041883","https://openalex.org/W3094950872","https://openalex.org/W3123893780","https://openalex.org/W3124511465","https://openalex.org/W3131747243","https://openalex.org/W3200947725","https://openalex.org/W4210542282","https://openalex.org/W4220652049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2613565875","https://openalex.org/W2943849622","https://openalex.org/W2991283674","https://openalex.org/W2010450183","https://openalex.org/W1976269827","https://openalex.org/W1759207090","https://openalex.org/W2056141986","https://openalex.org/W4316467259","https://openalex.org/W2500119426","https://openalex.org/W4389919542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cholangiocarcinoma":[0],"(CCA)":[1],"is":[2,10],"the":[3,43,67,105,187],"second":[4],"most":[5],"common":[6],"liver":[7],"cancer.":[8],"Diabetes":[9],"a":[11,48,180],"well-known":[12],"risk":[13,107,188],"factor;":[14],"however,":[15],"treatment":[16],"with":[17,145],"metformin":[18,46,119,124,184],"has":[19],"been":[20],"reported":[21],"to":[22,41,71],"be":[23],"protective":[24,50],"for":[25,52,74,115],"several":[26],"cancers,":[27],"but":[28],"data":[29],"on":[30],"CCA":[31,77,112,190],"are":[32],"still":[33],"sparse":[34],"and":[35,58,63,93,99,142,169],"heterogeneous.":[36],"We":[37],"performed":[38],"this":[39,55],"meta-analysis":[40],"investigate":[42],"role":[44],"of":[45,69,88,111,183,189],"as":[47],"potential":[49],"factor":[51],"CCA.":[53],"In":[54],"systematic":[56,97],"review":[57,98],"meta-analysis,":[59,100],"we":[60,103],"searched":[61],"PubMed/MEDLINE":[62],"EMBASE":[64],"databases,":[65],"from":[66,101],"date":[68],"inception":[70],"November":[72],"2022,":[73],"studies":[75,131,144],"analyzing":[76],"rate":[78,110],"in":[79,95,185,194],"patients":[80,117,122,196],"taking":[81,118,197],"metformin.":[82,198],"Twenty-nine":[83],"articles":[84],"were":[85,91],"initially":[86],"identified,":[87],"which":[89,102],"four":[90],"eligible":[92],"included":[94],"our":[96],"estimated":[104],"relative":[106],"(RR).":[108],"The":[109],"was":[113],"lower":[114],"diabetic":[116,121,195],"than":[120],"without":[123,157],"intake":[125],"when":[126],"comparing":[127],"two":[128],"highest":[129],"quality":[130],"[RR,":[132],"0.38;":[133],"95%":[134,151],"confidence":[135],"interval":[136],"(CI),":[137],"0.290-0.508;":[138],"P":[139,154,166,173],"<":[140,155],"0.001],":[141],"three":[143],"similar":[146],"inclusion":[147],"criteria":[148],"(RR,":[149],"0.34;":[150],"CI,":[152],"0.51-0.35;":[153],"0.001)":[156],"significant":[158,181],"statistical":[159],"heterogeneity":[160],"among":[161],"them":[162],"(I2":[163],"=":[164,167,171,174],"29.83%,":[165],"0,2326":[168],"I2":[170],"35.08%;":[172],"0.2143,":[175],"respectively).":[176],"Our":[177],"study":[178],"demonstrated":[179],"impact":[182],"reducing":[186],"by":[191],"nearly":[192],"62-66%":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2023-01-28T00:00:00"}