{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317618151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020100","title":"Medical Countermeasures against Ricin Intoxication","display_name":"Medical Countermeasures against Ricin Intoxication","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317618151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020100","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36828415","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9966136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/toxins15020100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020100","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/2/100/pdf?version=1675316650","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128990672","display_name":"Toxins","issn_l":"2072-6651","issn":["2072-6651"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxins","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4317618151"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/2/100/pdf?version=1675316650","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056287863","display_name":"Christine Rasetti\u2010Escargueil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0661-695X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0661-695X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157536573","display_name":"Institut Pasteur","ror":"https://ror.org/0495fxg12","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christine Rasetti-Escargueil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit\u00e9 des Bact\u00e9ries Ana\u00e9robies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 25 Avenue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0661-695X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit\u00e9 des Bact\u00e9ries Ana\u00e9robies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 25 Avenue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077158651","display_name":"Arnaud Avril","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-7256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-7256"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnaud Avril","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit\u00e9 Immunopathologies, D\u00e9partement Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 91220 Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-7256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit\u00e9 Immunopathologies, D\u00e9partement Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 91220 Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056287863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157536573"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"fwci":0.7372,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63100559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"100","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricin","display_name":"ricin","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-countermeasures","display_name":"medical countermeasures","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricin-toxin","display_name":"ricin toxin","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-weapons","display_name":"biological weapons","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-based-therapy","display_name":"antibody-based therapy","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-inhibitors","display_name":"chemical inhibitors","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-proteins","display_name":"small proteins","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccines","display_name":"vaccines","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-damage","display_name":"DNA damage","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408668","display_name":"Ricin","level":3,"score":0.9906511306762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115085202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425665","display_name":"Immunotoxin","level":4,"score":0.5738227367401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651","display_name":"Toxin","level":2,"score":0.564357340335846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777127260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155867","display_name":"Ricinus","level":2,"score":0.561708390712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.44116321206092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.42893898487091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.39058980345726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37863948941230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.17221465706825256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.12272143363952637}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078642","descriptor_name":"Medical Countermeasures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012276","descriptor_name":"Ricin","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014118","descriptor_name":"Toxins, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014612","descriptor_name":"Vaccines","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057134","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Neutralizing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/toxins15020100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020100","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/2/100/pdf?version=1675316650","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128990672","display_name":"Toxins","issn_l":"2072-6651","issn":["2072-6651"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxins","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9966136","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9966136","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9966136/pdf/toxins-15-00100.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxins (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36828415","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36828415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxins","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7becd5139b1f40649ad1f26a751f9b15","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7becd5139b1f40649ad1f26a751f9b15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Toxins, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 100 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/toxins15020100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020100","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/2/100/pdf?version=1675316650","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128990672","display_name":"Toxins","issn_l":"2072-6651","issn":["2072-6651"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxins","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317618151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317618151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":119,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W295780","https://openalex.org/W153041004","https://openalex.org/W182895171","https://openalex.org/W1482431053","https://openalex.org/W1497013446","https://openalex.org/W1503373121","https://openalex.org/W1511542684","https://openalex.org/W1520637711","https://openalex.org/W1575460073","https://openalex.org/W1578159376","https://openalex.org/W1938410679","https://openalex.org/W1965753256","https://openalex.org/W1968725817","https://openalex.org/W1970510359","https://openalex.org/W1973785735","https://openalex.org/W1974168294","https://openalex.org/W1979571371","https://openalex.org/W1984980057","https://openalex.org/W1994464548","https://openalex.org/W1995464337","https://openalex.org/W2001054548","https://openalex.org/W2003075530","https://openalex.org/W2004863436","https://openalex.org/W2007558063","https://openalex.org/W2007954082","https://openalex.org/W2013245231","https://openalex.org/W2015504907","https://openalex.org/W2016692599","https://openalex.org/W2017267009","https://openalex.org/W2017880027","https://openalex.org/W2018483173","https://openalex.org/W2019495064","https://openalex.org/W2020312602","https://openalex.org/W2033751965","https://openalex.org/W2036939524","https://openalex.org/W2039812717","https://openalex.org/W2045100248","https://openalex.org/W2045259918","https://openalex.org/W2052375392","https://openalex.org/W2053153019","https://openalex.org/W2053911198","https://openalex.org/W2055133784","https://openalex.org/W2055533076","https://openalex.org/W2055546011","https://openalex.org/W2057281035","https://openalex.org/W2057283384","https://openalex.org/W2059328855","https://openalex.org/W2061518783","https://openalex.org/W2062657377","https://openalex.org/W2065084738","https://openalex.org/W2065868722","https://openalex.org/W2068707772","https://openalex.org/W2069994440","https://openalex.org/W2071575506","https://openalex.org/W2073539985","https://openalex.org/W2077249050","https://openalex.org/W2077496007","https://openalex.org/W2083325533","https://openalex.org/W2084855808","https://openalex.org/W2085741853","https://openalex.org/W2087211532","https://openalex.org/W2088668829","https://openalex.org/W2089598244","https://openalex.org/W2091822825","https://openalex.org/W2095138127","https://openalex.org/W2096796269","https://openalex.org/W2099089545","https://openalex.org/W2103875747","https://openalex.org/W2108902884","https://openalex.org/W2111142440","https://openalex.org/W2116268169","https://openalex.org/W2117217355","https://openalex.org/W2129454712","https://openalex.org/W2134503542","https://openalex.org/W2137526153","https://openalex.org/W2137761002","https://openalex.org/W2147690738","https://openalex.org/W2148043455","https://openalex.org/W2149283754","https://openalex.org/W2149628876","https://openalex.org/W2159840311","https://openalex.org/W2171414559","https://openalex.org/W2173402100","https://openalex.org/W2206753348","https://openalex.org/W2305884025","https://openalex.org/W2306818984","https://openalex.org/W2313690064","https://openalex.org/W2317831252","https://openalex.org/W2322795335","https://openalex.org/W2344486621","https://openalex.org/W2345745584","https://openalex.org/W2411365197","https://openalex.org/W2419582123","https://openalex.org/W2436693928","https://openalex.org/W2465440776","https://openalex.org/W2509289751","https://openalex.org/W2530444117","https://openalex.org/W2555728493","https://openalex.org/W2558264993","https://openalex.org/W2558949487","https://openalex.org/W2584230489","https://openalex.org/W2910022538","https://openalex.org/W2916018731","https://openalex.org/W2947662896","https://openalex.org/W2950466500","https://openalex.org/W2971574020","https://openalex.org/W2979930609","https://openalex.org/W2998575872","https://openalex.org/W3005998837","https://openalex.org/W3014969702","https://openalex.org/W3028612813","https://openalex.org/W3127002048","https://openalex.org/W3170237420","https://openalex.org/W3189761605","https://openalex.org/W3197339128","https://openalex.org/W4253855876","https://openalex.org/W4280608749","https://openalex.org/W4282550435","https://openalex.org/W4285009987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235561642","https://openalex.org/W7137520180","https://openalex.org/W2402454380","https://openalex.org/W2081437939","https://openalex.org/W4391871395","https://openalex.org/W4362644090","https://openalex.org/W4280608749","https://openalex.org/W7050845870","https://openalex.org/W2769706784","https://openalex.org/W4250475254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"species.":[0],"Ricin":[1,33],"inhibits":[2],"peptide":[3],"chain":[4],"elongation":[5,12],"via":[6],"disruption":[7],"of":[8,118,120],"the":[9,28,41,104,116],"binding":[10],"between":[11],"factors":[13],"and":[14,22,52,73,127],"ribosomes,":[15],"resulting":[16],"in":[17,25,37,139],"apoptosis,":[18],"inflammation,":[19],"oxidative":[20],"stress,":[21],"DNA":[23],"damage,":[24],"addition":[26],"to":[27,69,114,133],"classically":[29],"known":[30],"rRNA":[31],"damage.":[32],"has":[34],"been":[35],"used":[36,62,138],"traditional":[38],"medicine":[39],"throughout":[40],"world":[42],"since":[43],"prehistoric":[44],"times.":[45],"Because":[46],"ricin":[47,80,96],"toxin":[48,81],"is":[49,98],"highly":[50],"toxic":[51],"can":[53,129],"be":[54,61,137],"readily":[55],"extracted":[56],"from":[57],"beans,":[58],"it":[59],"could":[60],"as":[63,76,131],"a":[64,77,83],"bioweapon":[65],"(CDC":[66],"B-list).":[67],"Due":[68],"its":[70],"extreme":[71],"lethality":[72],"potential":[74],"use":[75],"biological":[78],"weapon,":[79],"remains":[82],"global":[84],"public":[85],"health":[86],"concern":[87],"requiring":[88],"specific":[89,93],"countermeasures.":[90],"Currently,":[91],"no":[92],"treatment":[94],"for":[95],"intoxication":[97],"available.":[99],"This":[100],"review":[101],"focuses":[102],"on":[103],"drugs":[105],"under":[106],"development.":[107],"In":[108],"particular,":[109],"some":[110],"examples":[111],"are":[112],"reviewed":[113],"demonstrate":[115],"proof":[117],"concept":[119],"antibody-based":[121],"therapy.":[122],"Chemical":[123],"inhibitors,":[124],"small":[125],"proteins,":[126],"vaccines":[128],"serve":[130],"alternatives":[132],"antibodies":[134],"or":[135],"may":[136],"combination":[140],"with":[141],"antibodies.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-01-21T00:00:00"}
