{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315780974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020396","title":"Impact of Retinal Vessel Image Coherence on Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation","display_name":"Impact of Retinal Vessel Image Coherence on Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315780974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics12020396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020396","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/2/396/pdf?version=1673520612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/2/396/pdf?version=1673520612","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017048484","display_name":"Alqahtani Saeed S","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-9618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-9618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alqahtani Saeed S","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Ophthalmology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-9618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Ophthalmology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008967203","display_name":"Toufique Ahmed Soomro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-0026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-0026","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-6356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65146876","display_name":"Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t34b131","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Toufique A. Soomro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Larkana Campus, Larkana 77150, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-0026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Larkana Campus, Larkana 77150, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068634832","display_name":"Nisar Ahmed Jandan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259367","display_name":"People's University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women","ror":"https://ror.org/024m1xa82","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259367"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nisar Ahmed Jandan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ophthalmology Department, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW) Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad 67450, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ophthalmology Department, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW) Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad 67450, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006397674","display_name":"Ahmed Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2645-7258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2645-7258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68288478","display_name":"Sukkur IBA University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e5jvk98","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68288478"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2645-7258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68288478"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002753099","display_name":"Muhammad Irfan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-6875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-6875"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Irfan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-6875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052232234","display_name":"Saifur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-183X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-183X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saifur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-183X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069414157","display_name":"Waleed A. Aldhabaan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waleed A. Aldhabaan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021247138","display_name":"Abdulrahman Samir Khairallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6302-0987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6302-0987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Samir Khairallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006246836","display_name":"Ismail Abuallut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-9465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-9465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91450128","display_name":"Jazan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjnq803","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Abuallut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, Jazan University, Jazan 82511, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-9465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, Jazan University, Jazan 82511, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008967203"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"fwci":2.2117,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86954864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"396","last_page":"396"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-vessel-segmentation","display_name":"retinal vessel segmentation","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropic-diffusion-filter","display_name":"anisotropic diffusion filter","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphological-preprocessing","display_name":"morphological preprocessing","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-thresholding","display_name":"double thresholding","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphological-reconstruction","display_name":"morphological reconstruction","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drive-dataset","display_name":"DRIVE dataset","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stare-dataset","display_name":"STARE dataset","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-disease-screening","display_name":"eye disease screening","score":0.7049999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6779647469520569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.647826075553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6419113278388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6233757138252258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.6114927530288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5752708911895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5580212473869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4231574833393097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3408266305923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19579613208770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14440587162971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.11314830183982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0850975513458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08443009853363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics12020396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020396","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/2/396/pdf?version=1673520612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/a48f3f4b-d7bf-41bd-9feb-4a7ab4f8e21c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/a48f3f4b-d7bf-41bd-9feb-4a7ab4f8e21c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055442","display_name":"Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Alqahtani, S, Soomro, T, Jandan, N A, Ali, A, Irfan, M, Rahman, S, Aldhabaan, W A, Khairallah, A S & Abuallut, I 2023, 'Impact of retinal vessel image coherence on retinal blood vessel segmentation', Electronics (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 2, 396, pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020396","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics12020396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020396","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/2/396/pdf?version=1673520612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3817568895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NU/RG/SERC/11/3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323502","funder_display_name":"Najran University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323502","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315780974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315780974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32702003","https://openalex.org/W595827679","https://openalex.org/W1995904975","https://openalex.org/W2004747602","https://openalex.org/W2010965043","https://openalex.org/W2019778763","https://openalex.org/W2027432853","https://openalex.org/W2033723371","https://openalex.org/W2037776979","https://openalex.org/W2044880603","https://openalex.org/W2045227075","https://openalex.org/W2051578148","https://openalex.org/W2070351799","https://openalex.org/W2078239496","https://openalex.org/W2083538093","https://openalex.org/W2090272372","https://openalex.org/W2096301059","https://openalex.org/W2104195344","https://openalex.org/W2116628223","https://openalex.org/W2119399382","https://openalex.org/W2121913681","https://openalex.org/W2123303981","https://openalex.org/W2123434300","https://openalex.org/W2126472513","https://openalex.org/W2145305441","https://openalex.org/W2148284840","https://openalex.org/W2150769593","https://openalex.org/W2163344010","https://openalex.org/W2168005337","https://openalex.org/W2170092083","https://openalex.org/W2171257566","https://openalex.org/W2171459511","https://openalex.org/W2206167351","https://openalex.org/W2265177922","https://openalex.org/W2294434537","https://openalex.org/W2320230300","https://openalex.org/W2327793514","https://openalex.org/W2404019942","https://openalex.org/W2432555109","https://openalex.org/W2488605601","https://openalex.org/W2513326255","https://openalex.org/W2527341761","https://openalex.org/W2564596280","https://openalex.org/W2565139801","https://openalex.org/W2581516228","https://openalex.org/W2587499148","https://openalex.org/W2588502955","https://openalex.org/W2590822257","https://openalex.org/W2622875757","https://openalex.org/W2626807635","https://openalex.org/W2755938060","https://openalex.org/W2766522389","https://openalex.org/W2768610230","https://openalex.org/W2779400480","https://openalex.org/W2788445706","https://openalex.org/W2794329395","https://openalex.org/W2802388893","https://openalex.org/W2805367842","https://openalex.org/W2899190255","https://openalex.org/W2911025038","https://openalex.org/W2911264823","https://openalex.org/W2911558038","https://openalex.org/W2940740645","https://openalex.org/W2946570412","https://openalex.org/W2963521811","https://openalex.org/W3199590946","https://openalex.org/W4283371428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199590946","https://openalex.org/W2520697567","https://openalex.org/W4289551655","https://openalex.org/W2617945389","https://openalex.org/W4384819616","https://openalex.org/W2593743654","https://openalex.org/W4361731438","https://openalex.org/W4284895013","https://openalex.org/W2792419849","https://openalex.org/W4400847700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retinal":[0],"vessel":[1,33,55,88,93,267],"segmentation":[2,34],"is":[3,21,63,106,157],"critical":[4],"in":[5,124,136,150,279],"detecting":[6],"retinal":[7,31,53,86,91,99,121,167,265],"blood":[8,32,54,87,92,100,168,266],"vessels":[9,101,169],"for":[10,23,81,98,264],"a":[11,17,78,181,204,280],"variety":[12],"of":[13,30,45,52,60,85,115,161,166,207,212,229,248],"eye":[14,25,274],"disorders,":[15],"and":[16,43,105,130,140,174,179,225,231,235,239,244,250,254,276],"consistent":[18],"computerized":[19],"method":[20,215,263],"required":[22],"automatic":[24],"disorder":[26],"screening.":[27],"Many":[28],"methods":[29,39],"are":[35,216],"implemented,":[36],"but":[37],"these":[38],"only":[40],"yielded":[41],"accuracy":[42,246],"lack":[44],"good":[46],"sensitivity":[47,62],"due":[48],"to":[49,67,143,163,202,257],"the":[50,64,69,83,109,116,120,125,137,151,158,164,186,208,213,219],"coherence":[51,89,165],"segmentation.":[56,94],"Another":[57],"main":[58,159],"factor":[59],"low":[61],"proper":[65],"technique":[66,80,97],"handle":[68,119],"low-varying":[70],"contrast":[71],"problem.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74],"study,":[75],"we":[76],"proposed":[77,96,214,261],"five-step":[79],"assessing":[82],"impact":[84],"on":[90,185,218,233,252],"The":[95,154,191,210],"involved":[102],"four":[103,113],"steps":[104],"known":[107],"as":[108],"preprocessing":[110],"module.":[111],"These":[112],"stages":[114],"pre-processing":[117],"module":[118],"image":[122,141,184,199,206],"process":[123],"first":[126],"stage,":[127,139],"uneven":[128],"illumination":[129],"noise":[131],"issues":[132],"using":[133,145,170],"morphological":[134,198],"operations":[135],"second":[138],"conversion":[142],"grayscale":[144],"principal":[146],"component":[147],"analysis":[148],"(PCA)":[149],"third":[152],"step.":[153],"fourth":[155],"step":[156,160,193],"contributing":[162],"anisotropic":[171,188],"diffusion":[172,189],"filtering":[173],"testing":[175],"their":[176],"different":[177],"schemes":[178],"get":[180],"better":[182],"coherent":[183],"optimized":[187],"filtering.":[190],"last":[192],"included":[194],"double":[195],"thresholds":[196],"with":[197],"reconstruction":[200],"techniques":[201],"produce":[203],"segmented":[205],"vessel.":[209],"performances":[211],"validated":[217],"publicly":[220],"available":[221],"database":[222],"named":[223],"DRIVE":[224,236,255],"STARE.":[226],"Sensitivity":[227],"values":[228,247],"0.811":[230],"0.821":[232],"STARE":[234,253],"respectively":[237],"meet":[238],"surpass":[240],"other":[241],"existing":[242,258],"methods,":[243],"comparable":[245],"0.961":[249],"0.954":[251],"databases":[256],"methods.":[259],"This":[260],"new":[262],"segmentations":[268],"can":[269],"help":[270],"medical":[271],"experts":[272],"diagnose":[273],"disease":[275],"recommend":[277],"treatment":[278],"timely":[281],"manner.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-01-13T00:00:00"}
