{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315697704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400200960.087","title":"European Labor Markets and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Fallout and the Path Ahead","display_name":"European Labor Markets and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Fallout and the Path Ahead","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315697704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400200960.087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5089/9798400200960.087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400200960.087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400200960.087","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/087/2022/004/087.2022.issue-004-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230312","display_name":"Departmental Paper","issn_l":"2616-5333","issn":["2616-5333","2616-5341"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/087/2022/004/087.2022.issue-004-en.xml","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014043183","display_name":"Sakai Ando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2785-4375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2785-4375"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakai Ando","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2785-4375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018735141","display_name":"Ravi Balakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5666-7563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5666-7563"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062924018","display_name":"Bertrand Gruss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7535-2551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7535-2551"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bertrand Gruss","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043893002","display_name":"Jean-Jacques Hallaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-1622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-1622"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Jacques Hallaert","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-1622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047720726","display_name":"La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079603585","display_name":"Koralai Kirabaeva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koralai Kirabaeva","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111541808","display_name":"Nir Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-3867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-3867"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nir Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-3867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050770778","display_name":"Ana Lariau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Lariau","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059970391","display_name":"Lucy Qian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-0194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-0194"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Qian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061469773","display_name":"Davide Malacrino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Malacrino","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034065057","display_name":"Haonan Qu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050873573","display_name":"Alexandra Solovyeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9732-7224","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9732-7224"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Solovyeva","raw_affiliation_strings":[", issuing body "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9732-7224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", issuing body ","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2645,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97941482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":"004","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13399","display_name":"Unemployment and Economic Growth","score":0.031099999323487282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market","display_name":"labor market","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-retention-schemes","display_name":"job retention schemes","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-force-participation","display_name":"labor force participation","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-recovery","display_name":"economic recovery","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lockdown","display_name":"lockdown","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European Union","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shocks","display_name":"economic shocks","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.8084084987640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.7977982759475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.6215689182281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.5933418869972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4723961055278778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.32542717456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2185286283493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19403919577598572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18962514400482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.1026882529258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.06278839707374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5089/9798400200960.087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400200960.087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400200960.087","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/087/2022/004/087.2022.issue-004-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230312","display_name":"Departmental Paper","issn_l":"2616-5333","issn":["2616-5333","2616-5341"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:imf:imfdep:2022/004","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=512327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5089/9798400200960.087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400200960.087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400200960.087","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/087/2022/004/087.2022.issue-004-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230312","display_name":"Departmental Paper","issn_l":"2616-5333","issn":["2616-5333","2616-5341"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315697704.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315697704.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488095202","https://openalex.org/W1496422144","https://openalex.org/W1592748827","https://openalex.org/W1972956294","https://openalex.org/W1991954685","https://openalex.org/W2000690048","https://openalex.org/W2031542759","https://openalex.org/W2033994897","https://openalex.org/W2035777923","https://openalex.org/W2057353990","https://openalex.org/W2082388071","https://openalex.org/W2121268827","https://openalex.org/W2149181078","https://openalex.org/W2152030703","https://openalex.org/W2160913856","https://openalex.org/W2170322714","https://openalex.org/W2242400051","https://openalex.org/W2338412274","https://openalex.org/W2492402596","https://openalex.org/W2555583292","https://openalex.org/W2746448426","https://openalex.org/W2754374171","https://openalex.org/W2785861316","https://openalex.org/W2894899500","https://openalex.org/W2895512719","https://openalex.org/W2899591110","https://openalex.org/W2903546586","https://openalex.org/W2909483239","https://openalex.org/W2916698368","https://openalex.org/W2952287895","https://openalex.org/W2953814019","https://openalex.org/W2955149549","https://openalex.org/W2956721258","https://openalex.org/W3012960944","https://openalex.org/W3021956865","https://openalex.org/W3036581874","https://openalex.org/W3041239371","https://openalex.org/W3046685858","https://openalex.org/W3092500568","https://openalex.org/W3098787808","https://openalex.org/W3118635833","https://openalex.org/W3121312782","https://openalex.org/W3122366415","https://openalex.org/W3122630213","https://openalex.org/W3122653680","https://openalex.org/W3122760127","https://openalex.org/W3122885642","https://openalex.org/W3123264505","https://openalex.org/W3123327284","https://openalex.org/W3123622902","https://openalex.org/W3123629788","https://openalex.org/W3124678760","https://openalex.org/W3124981809","https://openalex.org/W3133308710","https://openalex.org/W3151275828","https://openalex.org/W3165806745","https://openalex.org/W3168529859","https://openalex.org/W3202098913","https://openalex.org/W3205418953","https://openalex.org/W4210866482","https://openalex.org/W4210982195","https://openalex.org/W4211047558","https://openalex.org/W4212944217","https://openalex.org/W4214934854","https://openalex.org/W4224451652","https://openalex.org/W4226483336","https://openalex.org/W4287473665","https://openalex.org/W4288953819","https://openalex.org/W4301129367","https://openalex.org/W4301915042","https://openalex.org/W6776909081","https://openalex.org/W6780986327","https://openalex.org/W6788262992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7111801002","https://openalex.org/W6945876725","https://openalex.org/W7218299502","https://openalex.org/W4392404629","https://openalex.org/W3165525268","https://openalex.org/W4403900391","https://openalex.org/W4403900521","https://openalex.org/W4225281798","https://openalex.org/W3163051489","https://openalex.org/W6903928305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"2020,":[1],"the":[2,8,20,37,51,65,74,80],"COVID-19":[3],"pandemic":[4],"caused":[5],"by":[6,31],"far":[7],"largest":[9],"shock":[10],"to":[11,27],"European":[12,77],"economies":[13,78],"since":[14],"World":[15],"War":[16],"II.":[17],"Yet,":[18],"astonishingly,":[19],"EU":[21],"unemployment":[22],"rate":[23,41],"had":[24],"already":[25],"declined":[26],"its":[28],"pre-crisis":[29],"level":[30],"2021Q3,":[32],"and":[33,71],"in":[34,63],"some":[35],"countries":[36],"labor":[38,69],"force":[39],"participation":[40],"is":[42],"at":[43],"a":[44],"record":[45],"high.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"documents":[49],"that":[50],"widespread":[52],"use":[53],"of":[54,76],"job":[55],"retention":[56],"schemes":[57],"has":[58],"played":[59],"an":[60],"essential":[61],"role":[62],"mitigating":[64],"pandemic\u2019s":[66],"impact":[67],"on":[68],"markets":[70],"thereby":[72],"facilitating":[73],"restart":[75],"after":[79],"initial":[81],"lockdowns.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-01-12T00:00:00"}