{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315696151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2022044065","title":"ARDUINO-BASED MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING CHARGE CONTROLLER USING PERTURB & OBSERVE AND CONSTANT-VOLTAGE ALGORITHMS","display_name":"ARDUINO-BASED MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING CHARGE CONTROLLER USING PERTURB & OBSERVE AND CONSTANT-VOLTAGE ALGORITHMS","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315696151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2022044065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2022044065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2022044065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2022044065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765042400","display_name":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","issn_l":"2150-3621","issn":["2150-3621","2150-363X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315730","host_organization_name":"Begell House","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Begell House"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010764563","display_name":"Oluwaseyi A. Ilori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-9784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-9784"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I265584191","display_name":"Redeemer's University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v0we819","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. A. Ilori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's\nUniversity, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's\nUniversity, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006586273","display_name":"Alexander A. Willoughby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-7724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-7724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I265584191","display_name":"Redeemer's University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v0we819","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. A. Willoughby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Redeemer's University, Department of Physical Sciences, P.M.B. 230, Ede,\nOsun State 232102, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Redeemer's University, Department of Physical Sciences, P.M.B. 230, Ede,\nOsun State 232102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037530631","display_name":"Oluropo F. Dairo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-5119","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-5119"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I265584191","display_name":"Redeemer's University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v0we819","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oluropo F. Dairo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's\nUniversity, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,\nRedeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,\nRedeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria","Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's\nUniversity, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's\nUniversity, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,\nRedeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,\nRedeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's\nUniversity, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067282121","display_name":"M. O. Osinowo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-2408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-2408"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I265584191","display_name":"Redeemer's University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v0we819","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. O. Osinowo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer\u2019s\nUniversity, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria","Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's\nUniversity, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer\u2019s\nUniversity, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's\nUniversity, Ede, Osun State, 232102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114039955","display_name":"Theophilus Ewetumo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180664298","display_name":"Federal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pvx8v81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Ewetumo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State,\n340110, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State,\n340110, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037530631"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I265584191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1402,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28066164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"115","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"maximum power point tracking","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-systems","display_name":"photovoltaic systems","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-controller","display_name":"charge controller","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturb-and-observe","display_name":"perturb and observe","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arduino","display_name":"Arduino","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmega328","display_name":"ATmega328 microcontroller","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-irradiation","display_name":"solar irradiation","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-charging","display_name":"battery charging","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab-simulink-simulation","display_name":"Simulink simulation","score":0.8479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.9059169292449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.8021389245986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7331297397613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776636718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551796","display_name":"Charge controller","level":4,"score":0.6530050039291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.5534303188323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5523345470428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5492997169494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.5293959975242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5252663493156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5239757895469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45297685265541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.43062031269073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3939853310585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37074142694473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27658310532569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22855916619300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2022044065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2022044065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2022044065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765042400","display_name":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","issn_l":"2150-3621","issn":["2150-3621","2150-363X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315730","host_organization_name":"Begell House","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Begell House"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198510149","https://openalex.org/W434628846","https://openalex.org/W630799251","https://openalex.org/W1977858618","https://openalex.org/W2015593012","https://openalex.org/W2026733088","https://openalex.org/W2035173336","https://openalex.org/W2041763650","https://openalex.org/W2044820820","https://openalex.org/W2056935551","https://openalex.org/W2079028859","https://openalex.org/W2081940262","https://openalex.org/W2109490242","https://openalex.org/W2118507876","https://openalex.org/W2142166869","https://openalex.org/W2171566936","https://openalex.org/W2190316741","https://openalex.org/W2219110163","https://openalex.org/W2468745991","https://openalex.org/W2468829524","https://openalex.org/W2499471942","https://openalex.org/W2531427465","https://openalex.org/W2559985538","https://openalex.org/W2591052105","https://openalex.org/W2593184355","https://openalex.org/W2774217791","https://openalex.org/W2790843719","https://openalex.org/W2795737802","https://openalex.org/W2800675894","https://openalex.org/W2804207102","https://openalex.org/W2916475008","https://openalex.org/W2968030491","https://openalex.org/W2996215627","https://openalex.org/W2998990605","https://openalex.org/W2999699549","https://openalex.org/W3024415328","https://openalex.org/W3045478550","https://openalex.org/W3048680075","https://openalex.org/W3118161907","https://openalex.org/W4205442202","https://openalex.org/W4226302760","https://openalex.org/W4285223950","https://openalex.org/W4289538946","https://openalex.org/W4360753792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367445858","https://openalex.org/W3045102057","https://openalex.org/W3003842502","https://openalex.org/W2037717967","https://openalex.org/W1994937443","https://openalex.org/W2542229862","https://openalex.org/W2765187454","https://openalex.org/W2024795375","https://openalex.org/W1734152520","https://openalex.org/W4296817343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"output":[1],"power":[2,46,52,120],"delivered":[3],"by":[4,38],"a":[5,11,118,131],"photovoltaic":[6],"(PV)":[7],"module":[8],"to":[9,49,53],"charge":[10],"battery":[12,55],"is":[13,33],"dependent":[14],"on":[15,130],"solar":[16,94],"radiation":[17],"incident":[18],"upon":[19],"it":[20],"and":[21],"the":[22,30,40,44,54,75,85,89,97,102,110],"ambient":[23],"temperature.":[24],"To":[25],"reduce":[26],"PV":[27,31,41],"energy":[28],"loss,":[29],"panel":[32],"kept":[34],"at":[35,43,105],"peak":[36],"efficiency":[37,87],"operating":[39,129],"system":[42],"maximum":[45,51,119],"point":[47,121],"(MPP)":[48],"deliver":[50],"under":[56],"charge.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"work,":[60],"Perturb":[61],"&":[62],"Observe":[63],"(P&O)":[64],"algorithm":[65,91,104],"was":[66],"implemented":[67,116],"in":[68,117],"conjunction":[69],"with":[70,93],"constant":[71],"voltage":[72],"(CV),":[73],"using":[74,125],"MATLAB/Simulink":[76],"tool.":[77],"Results":[78],"obtained":[79],"from":[80],"these":[81],"simulations":[82],"show":[83],"that":[84],"tracking":[86,122],"of":[88,101],"P&O":[90,111],"decreases":[92],"irradiation.":[95],"However,":[96],"relatively":[98],"good":[99],"performance":[100],"CV":[103],"low":[106],"irradiation":[107],"levels":[108],"augments":[109],"method.":[112],"Both":[113],"algorithms":[114],"were":[115],"(MPPT)":[123],"design":[124],"an":[126],"ATMega328":[127],"microcontroller":[128],"minimal":[132],"Arduino-compatible":[133],"integrated":[134],"development":[135],"environment":[136],"(IDE)":[137],"prototype":[138],"circuit.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
