{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313825918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728922000773","title":"The interface of explicit and implicit second-language knowledge: A longitudinal study","display_name":"The interface of explicit and implicit second-language knowledge: A longitudinal study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313825918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728922000773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1366728922000773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728922000773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728922000773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24095051","display_name":"Bilingualism Language and Cognition","issn_l":"1366-7289","issn":["1366-7289","1469-1841"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728922000773","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055076262","display_name":"Kathy MinHye Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-3546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-3546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48530168","display_name":"Wheelock College","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnwwq78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48530168"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kathy MinHye Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["BU Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-3546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BU Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I48530168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081527786","display_name":"Aline Godfroid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8011-7935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8011-7935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aline Godfroid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Second Language Studies and TESOL Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Second Language Studies and TESOL Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055076262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I48530168"],"apc_list":{"value":3255,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3255},"apc_paid":{"value":3255,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3255},"fwci":22.4891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9936618,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"709","last_page":"723"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9164999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9164999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.07249999791383743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explicit-knowledge","display_name":"explicit knowledge","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacit-knowledge","display_name":"tacit knowledge","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metalinguistic-awareness","display_name":"metalinguistic awareness","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammaticality-judgment","display_name":"grammaticality judgment","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elicited-imitation","display_name":"elicited imitation","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-exposure","display_name":"language exposure","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l2-english","display_name":"L2 English","score":0.6399999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779525943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187300","display_name":"Grammaticality","level":3,"score":0.9773503541946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56814567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323686","display_name":"Explicit knowledge","level":2,"score":0.7977979779243469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986065213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743861","display_name":"Implicit knowledge","level":2,"score":0.7333526611328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124469403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813993","display_name":"Procedural knowledge","level":3,"score":0.5737322568893433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5312392711639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5240868926048279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5135855674743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126388530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131737","display_name":"Imitation","level":2,"score":0.5018825531005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.4625503420829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777379011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938545","display_name":"Implicit learning","level":3,"score":0.41790467500686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38868170976638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.34762969613075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.19250866770744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18175554275512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.1706312894821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.1562524139881134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.14285340905189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.1341707408428192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1366728922000773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728922000773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728922000773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24095051","display_name":"Bilingualism Language and Cognition","issn_l":"1366-7289","issn":["1366-7289","1469-1841"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1366728922000773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728922000773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728922000773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24095051","display_name":"Bilingualism Language and Cognition","issn_l":"1366-7289","issn":["1366-7289","1469-1841"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4156000018119812}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3836721624","display_name":"Doctoral Dissertation Research: Exploring the Interface of Implicit and Explicit Second-Language Knowledge: A Longitudinal Perspective","funder_award_id":"1844694","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33087048","https://openalex.org/W162761190","https://openalex.org/W584551294","https://openalex.org/W593496672","https://openalex.org/W596338549","https://openalex.org/W1533002860","https://openalex.org/W1557168293","https://openalex.org/W1570809594","https://openalex.org/W1725627099","https://openalex.org/W1815596065","https://openalex.org/W1837611034","https://openalex.org/W1844067986","https://openalex.org/W1976981747","https://openalex.org/W1980240171","https://openalex.org/W2001024019","https://openalex.org/W2003043395","https://openalex.org/W2006181802","https://openalex.org/W2007380326","https://openalex.org/W2010110136","https://openalex.org/W2047517176","https://openalex.org/W2050884075","https://openalex.org/W2051220464","https://openalex.org/W2052335821","https://openalex.org/W2070790107","https://openalex.org/W2071389790","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2080469325","https://openalex.org/W2103281316","https://openalex.org/W2118338381","https://openalex.org/W2120409145","https://openalex.org/W2122384912","https://openalex.org/W2142397747","https://openalex.org/W2144792095","https://openalex.org/W2144868784","https://openalex.org/W2147256280","https://openalex.org/W2153224965","https://openalex.org/W2170467533","https://openalex.org/W2244165480","https://openalex.org/W2474804357","https://openalex.org/W2504010327","https://openalex.org/W2537299854","https://openalex.org/W2604454998","https://openalex.org/W2616037070","https://openalex.org/W2681291127","https://openalex.org/W2802114329","https://openalex.org/W2802759744","https://openalex.org/W2804903106","https://openalex.org/W2807958997","https://openalex.org/W2893202622","https://openalex.org/W3018429488","https://openalex.org/W3163438766","https://openalex.org/W4229939006","https://openalex.org/W4247641104","https://openalex.org/W4248593350","https://openalex.org/W4250848148","https://openalex.org/W4253959128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162596168","https://openalex.org/W7140533439","https://openalex.org/W952639082","https://openalex.org/W2278607558","https://openalex.org/W2616037070","https://openalex.org/W2363716290","https://openalex.org/W4205845298","https://openalex.org/W2169654449","https://openalex.org/W3170664866","https://openalex.org/W2338058996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,104],"aim":[2],"of":[3,15,45,60,79,82],"our":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6],"to":[7],"examine":[8],"the":[9,26,74,77,89,102],"longitudinal":[10],"associations":[11],"between":[12,144],"two":[13,43],"forms":[14],"second":[16],"language":[17,95,132],"(L2)":[18],"knowledge":[19,47,55,62,116,127],"(i.e.,":[20,34],"explicit":[21,46,113,145],"and":[22,25,36,53,57,70,76,114,146],"implicit":[23,61,115,147],"knowledge)":[24],"activity":[27,90,124],"types":[28],"that":[29,131],"facilitate":[30],"different":[31],"processing":[32],"mechanisms":[33],"form-":[35],"meaning-focused":[37],"processing).":[38],"L2":[39,112],"English":[40],"speakers":[41],"completed":[42,93],"tests":[44,59],"(untimed":[48],"written":[49,64],"grammaticality":[50,65],"judgment":[51,66],"test":[52],"metalinguistic":[54],"test)":[56],"three":[58],"(timed":[63],"test,":[67],"oral":[68],"production,":[69],"elicited":[71],"imitation)":[72],"at":[73],"beginning":[75],"end":[78],"a":[80,135,140],"semester":[81],"university-level":[83],"study.":[84],"To":[85],"track":[86],"engagement":[87],"in":[88],"types,":[91],"participants":[92],"self-reported":[94],"exposure":[96],"logs":[97],"across":[98],"five":[99],"days":[100],"throughout":[101],"semester.":[103],"results":[105],"from":[106],"an":[107],"autoregressive":[108],"cross-lag":[109],"analysis":[110],"suggest":[111],"influenced":[117],"each":[118],"other":[119],"reciprocally":[120],"over":[121],"time.":[122],"Neither":[123],"type":[125],"predicted":[126],"development.":[128],"We":[129],"conclude":[130],"acquisition":[133],"is":[134],"developmental":[136],"process":[137],"typified":[138],"by":[139],"dynamic,":[141],"synergistic":[142],"interface":[143],"knowledge.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-01-09T00:00:00"}