{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313822331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022","title":"Models of Sentencing Children as Criminals (A Comparison of Several Countries)","display_name":"Models of Sentencing Children as Criminals (A Comparison of Several Countries)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313822331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022","pdf_url":"https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/snh/article/download/60022/23401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179582","display_name":"Law Research Review Quarterly","issn_l":"2716-3415","issn":["2716-3415"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315184","host_organization_name":"State University of Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315184"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law Research Review Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/snh/article/download/60022/23401","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040562971","display_name":"Suwinda Suwinda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6479-6568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6479-6568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148158369","display_name":"State University of Semarang","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsk7e17","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148158369"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suwinda Suwinda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6479-6568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148158369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079498479","display_name":"Lisa Ikhsana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4188-8996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4188-8996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148158369","display_name":"State University of Semarang","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsk7e17","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148158369"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Ikhsana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4188-8996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148158369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034360799","display_name":"Noveria Sekar Sulistyowati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-6798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-6798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148158369","display_name":"State University of Semarang","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsk7e17","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148158369"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noveria Sekar Sulistyowati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-6798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148158369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000199202","display_name":"Ridwan Arifin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-588X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-588X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148158369","display_name":"State University of Semarang","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsk7e17","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148158369"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ridwan Arifin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-588X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148158369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148158369"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3946,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94998695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"317","last_page":"402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13101","display_name":"Legal and Social Justice Studies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13101","display_name":"Legal and Social Justice Studies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14397","display_name":"Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-sentencing","display_name":"juvenile sentencing","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-offenders","display_name":"juvenile offenders","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-justice","display_name":"juvenile justice","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-punishment","display_name":"juvenile punishment","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-criminal-law","display_name":"comparative criminal law","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesia","display_name":"Indonesia","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thailand","display_name":"Thailand","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philippines","display_name":"Philippines","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.6572381258010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6552170515060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.5878314971923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.5641458630561829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5583890676498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.5140874981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5119467973709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4667413830757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4652904272079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.453514039516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.4453493356704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4447849690914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.4384083151817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1001125","display_name":"Juvenile delinquency","level":2,"score":0.43072718381881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.15672504901885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09749126434326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022","pdf_url":"https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/snh/article/download/60022/23401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179582","display_name":"Law Research Review Quarterly","issn_l":"2716-3415","issn":["2716-3415"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315184","host_organization_name":"State University of Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315184"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law Research Review Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v8i3.60022","pdf_url":"https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/snh/article/download/60022/23401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179582","display_name":"Law Research Review Quarterly","issn_l":"2716-3415","issn":["2716-3415"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315184","host_organization_name":"State University of Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315184"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law Research Review Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313822331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313822331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2940301548","https://openalex.org/W2954364522","https://openalex.org/W2966071201","https://openalex.org/W2969611315","https://openalex.org/W3096344948","https://openalex.org/W3108343722","https://openalex.org/W3118660206","https://openalex.org/W4235123557","https://openalex.org/W4286794341","https://openalex.org/W4377833526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405210153","https://openalex.org/W4252760645","https://openalex.org/W4408665845","https://openalex.org/W7215336451","https://openalex.org/W4416273861","https://openalex.org/W4224229517","https://openalex.org/W4410748042","https://openalex.org/W7162772502","https://openalex.org/W7219553420","https://openalex.org/W2771070092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54,119,159],"sentencing":[1],"of":[2,7,11,40,79,103,109,141,161],"children":[3,8,43,58,106],"in":[4,29,48,59,111,122,144,180],"the":[5,20,35,38,66,72,117,190],"context":[6],"as":[9,107],"perpetrators":[10,39,108],"crimes":[12,41,110],"has":[13,61],"its":[14],"own":[15],"complexities":[16],"and":[17,31,51,71,84,93,100,116,136,155,175,192],"challenges.":[18],"On":[19],"one":[21],"hand,":[22],"law":[23,152],"enforcement":[24],"must":[25],"be":[26,90],"carried":[27,166],"out":[28,167],"preventing":[30],"tackling":[32],"crime,":[33],"on":[34,189],"other":[36],"hand":[37],"are":[42,45],"who":[44],"legally":[46],"regulated":[47,64],"judicial":[49],"mechanisms":[50],"special":[52],"systems.":[53],"model":[55,78,139],"for":[56,105],"punishing":[57],"Indonesia":[60],"basically":[62],"been":[63],"through":[65,168,172],"Juvenile":[67],"Criminal":[68,74],"Justice":[69],"System":[70],"Child":[73],"Law.":[75],"However,":[76],"this":[77,123,162,181],"punishment":[80,104,143],"by":[81],"several":[82,138],"studies":[83,86],"related":[85],"is":[87,125,132,164],"said":[88],"to":[89,98,134],"not":[91,165],"perfect":[92],"adequate.":[94],"This":[95,130,147],"study":[96,148,153,182],"aims":[97],"analyze":[99,135],"compare":[101,137],"models":[102],"three":[112,145],"countries:":[113],"Indonesia,":[114],"Thailand,":[115],"Philippines.":[118],"method":[120,131],"used":[121,133],"research":[124,163,170,174],"a":[126,150,156],"normative":[127],"legal":[128],"study.":[129],"practices":[140],"child":[142],"countries.":[146],"uses":[149],"comparative":[151],"approach":[154],"statute":[157],"approach.":[158],"location":[160],"field":[169],"but":[171],"library":[173],"document":[176],"studies.":[177],"Supporting":[178],"data":[179,188],"were":[183],"also":[184],"obtained":[185],"from":[186],"various":[187],"internet":[191],"printed":[193],"sources.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2023-01-09T00:00:00"}
