{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313786343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds09","title":"Chapter 9. Depressive Disorders","display_name":"Chapter 9. Depressive Disorders","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313786343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds09"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds09","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds09","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462816","display_name":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Psychiatry","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313786302","display_name":"The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Psychiatry"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062051147","display_name":"Patricia Andrews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9348-3632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9348-3632"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Andrews","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007036346","display_name":"Warren D. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-3082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-3082"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren D. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"241","last_page":"284"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":0.6723999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":0.6723999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.08399999886751175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12811","display_name":"Aging, Health, and Disability","score":0.07620000094175339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disorder","display_name":"disorder","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geriatric-depression","display_name":"geriatric depression","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-diagnosis","display_name":"categorical diagnosis","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dsm-5","display_name":"DSM-5","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geriatric-depression-scale","display_name":"Geriatric Depression Scale","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ces-d","display_name":"CES-D","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-disability","display_name":"functional disability","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-functioning","display_name":"social functioning","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-resistant-depression","display_name":"treatment-resistant depression","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-pain","display_name":"chronic pain","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"dementia","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bereavement","display_name":"bereavement","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geriatric-psychiatry","display_name":"geriatric psychiatry","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response-variability","display_name":"treatment response variability","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-satisfaction","display_name":"life satisfaction","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-isolation","display_name":"social isolation","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosocial-interventions","display_name":"psychosocial interventions","score":0.36899998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6222008466720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.5397601127624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4926636815071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113324615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472302","display_name":"Login","level":2,"score":0.47359707951545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.4393543004989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4207374155521393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4169081449508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2167004942893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1539868414402008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09146973490715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds09","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds09","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462816","display_name":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Psychiatry","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":342,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68520005","https://openalex.org/W123841818","https://openalex.org/W144734289","https://openalex.org/W265795786","https://openalex.org/W638243159","https://openalex.org/W756325778","https://openalex.org/W1188383598","https://openalex.org/W1484497860","https://openalex.org/W1577880037","https://openalex.org/W1582971336","https://openalex.org/W1605274959","https://openalex.org/W1680838190","https://openalex.org/W1742870436","https://openalex.org/W1746685364","https://openalex.org/W1776657048","https://openalex.org/W1780931260","https://openalex.org/W1800411325","https://openalex.org/W1838693860","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1856465854","https://openalex.org/W1913485408","https://openalex.org/W1935741233","https://openalex.org/W1965180119","https://openalex.org/W1966243965","https://openalex.org/W1967366594","https://openalex.org/W1968385408","https://openalex.org/W1969010569","https://openalex.org/W1969065116","https://openalex.org/W1969160114","https://openalex.org/W1969206501","https://openalex.org/W1970606744","https://openalex.org/W1971088228","https://openalex.org/W1971302128","https://openalex.org/W1976565710","https://openalex.org/W1976767647","https://openalex.org/W1977224890","https://openalex.org/W1980475719","https://openalex.org/W1981680932","https://openalex.org/W1982691391","https://openalex.org/W1983522355","https://openalex.org/W1984223880","https://openalex.org/W1987894541","https://openalex.org/W1989302385","https://openalex.org/W1989911217","https://openalex.org/W1990805071","https://openalex.org/W1991168471","https://openalex.org/W1991363466","https://openalex.org/W1992109356","https://openalex.org/W1993772987","https://openalex.org/W1994929688","https://openalex.org/W1995066202","https://openalex.org/W1995251097","https://openalex.org/W1996454121","https://openalex.org/W1996645081","https://openalex.org/W1997071034","https://openalex.org/W1999066662","https://openalex.org/W2000131852","https://openalex.org/W2001659985","https://openalex.org/W2002774104","https://openalex.org/W2002993996","https://openalex.org/W2003816877","https://openalex.org/W2003923847","https://openalex.org/W2005534453","https://openalex.org/W2005764792","https://openalex.org/W2006374392","https://openalex.org/W2007153777","https://openalex.org/W2007636259","https://openalex.org/W2007911264","https://openalex.org/W2008739372","https://openalex.org/W2008879636","https://openalex.org/W2009781705","https://openalex.org/W2010166974","https://openalex.org/W2010287660","https://openalex.org/W2011021576","https://openalex.org/W2012094157","https://openalex.org/W2012202426","https://openalex.org/W2013004783","https://openalex.org/W2013042427","https://openalex.org/W2014179747","https://openalex.org/W2014280119","https://openalex.org/W2014841928","https://openalex.org/W2016557930","https://openalex.org/W2017078401","https://openalex.org/W2017164568","https://openalex.org/W2018273325","https://openalex.org/W2019092555","https://openalex.org/W2019316537","https://openalex.org/W2022246321","https://openalex.org/W2022651252","https://openalex.org/W2023388042","https://openalex.org/W2024080154","https://openalex.org/W2024793069","https://openalex.org/W2026757070","https://openalex.org/W2026961472","https://openalex.org/W2027913645","https://openalex.org/W2030079540","https://openalex.org/W2030120831","https://openalex.org/W2030902548","https://openalex.org/W2031076686","https://openalex.org/W2032393864","https://openalex.org/W2032653328","https://openalex.org/W2034455408","https://openalex.org/W2036261911","https://openalex.org/W2036375653","https://openalex.org/W2038337874","https://openalex.org/W2039533059","https://openalex.org/W2039538374","https://openalex.org/W2040449008","https://openalex.org/W2040734225","https://openalex.org/W2041533253","https://openalex.org/W2042746445","https://openalex.org/W2043842622","https://openalex.org/W2050228671","https://openalex.org/W2050504609","https://openalex.org/W2051385055","https://openalex.org/W2051385180","https://openalex.org/W2053284428","https://openalex.org/W2053732699","https://openalex.org/W2054398897","https://openalex.org/W2055148952","https://openalex.org/W2056162498","https://openalex.org/W2058408506","https://openalex.org/W2058762304","https://openalex.org/W2058887340","https://openalex.org/W2059393353","https://openalex.org/W2060473245","https://openalex.org/W2060852029","https://openalex.org/W2060930309","https://openalex.org/W2060994135","https://openalex.org/W2062342456","https://openalex.org/W2062539816","https://openalex.org/W2063740139","https://openalex.org/W2064397126","https://openalex.org/W2070886305","https://openalex.org/W2072303299","https://openalex.org/W2072521482","https://openalex.org/W2073481032","https://openalex.org/W2073785519","https://openalex.org/W2076143792","https://openalex.org/W2076614161","https://openalex.org/W2077033394","https://openalex.org/W2077958806","https://openalex.org/W2079711628","https://openalex.org/W2079916073","https://openalex.org/W2079947126","https://openalex.org/W2080135564","https://openalex.org/W2080427068","https://openalex.org/W2082982620","https://openalex.org/W2083183563","https://openalex.org/W2083857481","https://openalex.org/W2084483696","https://openalex.org/W2085758661","https://openalex.org/W2087539512","https://openalex.org/W2087626677","https://openalex.org/W2090403451","https://openalex.org/W2091259554","https://openalex.org/W2092043738","https://openalex.org/W2092676606","https://openalex.org/W2093484024","https://openalex.org/W2093639349","https://openalex.org/W2095701226","https://openalex.org/W2097456438","https://openalex.org/W2098914905","https://openalex.org/W2099833638","https://openalex.org/W2100617521","https://openalex.org/W2100937752","https://openalex.org/W2101341301","https://openalex.org/W2102447460","https://openalex.org/W2104433289","https://openalex.org/W2104909085","https://openalex.org/W2105366771","https://openalex.org/W2105915837","https://openalex.org/W2106158410","https://openalex.org/W2106239116","https://openalex.org/W2106860029","https://openalex.org/W2108335346","https://openalex.org/W2109590278","https://openalex.org/W2111131165","https://openalex.org/W2112519660","https://openalex.org/W2112549296","https://openalex.org/W2112778345","https://openalex.org/W2115432748","https://openalex.org/W2116249921","https://openalex.org/W2117134611","https://openalex.org/W2117590947","https://openalex.org/W2117704216","https://openalex.org/W2117979215","https://openalex.org/W2118061367","https://openalex.org/W2118659222","https://openalex.org/W2118933186","https://openalex.org/W2120030244","https://openalex.org/W2121298241","https://openalex.org/W2121335300","https://openalex.org/W2121878996","https://openalex.org/W2122434629","https://openalex.org/W2122813545","https://openalex.org/W2123612404","https://openalex.org/W2124874178","https://openalex.org/W2127722821","https://openalex.org/W2128077214","https://openalex.org/W2128607047","https://openalex.org/W2129264765","https://openalex.org/W2129269829","https://openalex.org/W2130417276","https://openalex.org/W2130735976","https://openalex.org/W2131494510","https://openalex.org/W2131499619","https://openalex.org/W2131635451","https://openalex.org/W2132322340","https://openalex.org/W2132592055","https://openalex.org/W2133258067","https://openalex.org/W2133325353","https://openalex.org/W2135184563","https://openalex.org/W2135759182","https://openalex.org/W2136332296","https://openalex.org/W2137944397","https://openalex.org/W2140314797","https://openalex.org/W2140320787","https://openalex.org/W2140655719","https://openalex.org/W2141139048","https://openalex.org/W2141254499","https://openalex.org/W2142450009","https://openalex.org/W2142827889","https://openalex.org/W2142872911","https://openalex.org/W2143629083","https://openalex.org/W2143805083","https://openalex.org/W2145066872","https://openalex.org/W2145696070","https://openalex.org/W2145846347","https://openalex.org/W2147140928","https://openalex.org/W2148751730","https://openalex.org/W2149248302","https://openalex.org/W2149516065","https://openalex.org/W2149984789","https://openalex.org/W2150355913","https://openalex.org/W2150715444","https://openalex.org/W2150957352","https://openalex.org/W2152209257","https://openalex.org/W2154596951","https://openalex.org/W2155363339","https://openalex.org/W2155835402","https://openalex.org/W2155943959","https://openalex.org/W2156150528","https://openalex.org/W2156925279","https://openalex.org/W2156959550","https://openalex.org/W2157093229","https://openalex.org/W2157849556","https://openalex.org/W2159225694","https://openalex.org/W2160334739","https://openalex.org/W2162699583","https://openalex.org/W2162993616","https://openalex.org/W2163016393","https://openalex.org/W2163181233","https://openalex.org/W2163526164","https://openalex.org/W2164059021","https://openalex.org/W2165758561","https://openalex.org/W2166419335","https://openalex.org/W2167314970","https://openalex.org/W2167862712","https://openalex.org/W2167872155","https://openalex.org/W2167951079","https://openalex.org/W2168109821","https://openalex.org/W2168347234","https://openalex.org/W2168542638","https://openalex.org/W2168911501","https://openalex.org/W2169977766","https://openalex.org/W2170684975","https://openalex.org/W2170796144","https://openalex.org/W2170883336","https://openalex.org/W2171159528","https://openalex.org/W2171562414","https://openalex.org/W2198210708","https://openalex.org/W2201607793","https://openalex.org/W2207811989","https://openalex.org/W2236030964","https://openalex.org/W2252158893","https://openalex.org/W2257069691","https://openalex.org/W2262613227","https://openalex.org/W2266200372","https://openalex.org/W2302097048","https://openalex.org/W2313133452","https://openalex.org/W2322988647","https://openalex.org/W2339558826","https://openalex.org/W2342846096","https://openalex.org/W2345424352","https://openalex.org/W2353483402","https://openalex.org/W2464574439","https://openalex.org/W2467695657","https://openalex.org/W2516529099","https://openalex.org/W2526582061","https://openalex.org/W2533450755","https://openalex.org/W2547593066","https://openalex.org/W2566016698","https://openalex.org/W2573633705","https://openalex.org/W2580116688","https://openalex.org/W2581138085","https://openalex.org/W2585387340","https://openalex.org/W2586063498","https://openalex.org/W2596096876","https://openalex.org/W2598360307","https://openalex.org/W2609462435","https://openalex.org/W2617110785","https://openalex.org/W2623521763","https://openalex.org/W2626342766","https://openalex.org/W2732375588","https://openalex.org/W2740556044","https://openalex.org/W2744819261","https://openalex.org/W2744942448","https://openalex.org/W2759229677","https://openalex.org/W2767138189","https://openalex.org/W2767262149","https://openalex.org/W2767548421","https://openalex.org/W2774435404","https://openalex.org/W2790576241","https://openalex.org/W2792403998","https://openalex.org/W2796288464","https://openalex.org/W2797578916","https://openalex.org/W2802098170","https://openalex.org/W2802223637","https://openalex.org/W2806931510","https://openalex.org/W2807346495","https://openalex.org/W2808186671","https://openalex.org/W2811151528","https://openalex.org/W2897407014","https://openalex.org/W2905849790","https://openalex.org/W2911487850","https://openalex.org/W2912992939","https://openalex.org/W2942579152","https://openalex.org/W2945666228","https://openalex.org/W2947448542","https://openalex.org/W2952374473","https://openalex.org/W2965187038","https://openalex.org/W2969989378","https://openalex.org/W2973601943","https://openalex.org/W2981272605","https://openalex.org/W2998860011","https://openalex.org/W4236298867","https://openalex.org/W4240124464","https://openalex.org/W4243876445","https://openalex.org/W4247059785","https://openalex.org/W4252280335","https://openalex.org/W4294553737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250761405","https://openalex.org/W3194698783","https://openalex.org/W2796237026","https://openalex.org/W4393308658","https://openalex.org/W2302598900","https://openalex.org/W7196962228","https://openalex.org/W2067277537","https://openalex.org/W7001858181","https://openalex.org/W2344297731","https://openalex.org/W4247479119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Depression":[0,55,206,223],"in":[1,14,31,98,124,231,279,409,420,451,458,525,529],"later":[2],"life":[3,374],"is":[4,104,109,173,191,301,316,320,334,344,433,538,552],"heterogeneous.":[5],"It":[6,38],"can":[7,39,56,87],"present":[8,515,524],"either":[9,467],"as":[10,27,44,114,122,135,195,211,358],"a":[11,19,28,118,136,196,204,273,284,304,335,345,367,383],"recurrent":[12],"episode":[13,30,480],"an":[15,237,359],"elderly":[16,459],"person":[17,298],"with":[18,33,152,199,243,276,283,299,468,481,516,535,540],"personal":[20],"history":[21],"of":[22,48,91,112,138,148,160,252,295,323,331,362,423,427],"multiple":[23],"prior":[24,35],"episodes":[25],"or":[26,46,50,61,65,141,469,487],"first":[29,76],"someone":[32],"no":[34],"lifetime":[36],"history.":[37],"occur":[40],"following":[41],"loss,":[42],"such":[43,210],"bereavement":[45,550],"loss":[47],"independence,":[49],"without":[51,470],"obvious":[52],"precipitating":[53],"stresses.":[54],"develop":[57],"alongside":[58],"chronic":[59],"pain":[60],"persistent":[62,474,548],"medical":[63,155,501],"illness":[64],"accompany":[66],"cognitive":[67],"decline":[68],"and":[69,146,163,220,372,386,407,494,544,547,558],"dementia.":[70],"Some":[71],"individuals":[72,282],"respond":[73],"to":[74,95,110,184,192,235,302,369,388,456,499,504],"the":[75,144,153,158,212,221,233,250,260,296,308,318,329,396,401,404,410,541],"treatment":[77],"offered,":[78],"whereas":[79],"others":[80],"have":[81],"treatment-resistant":[82],"late-life":[83],"depression":[84,103,113,149,194,300,457],"(LLD).":[85],"How":[86],"one":[88,131],"make":[89],"sense":[90],"this":[92,96,170,247,431],"heterogeneity?":[93],"Answers":[94],"question":[97],"part":[99],"depend":[100],"on":[101,430],"how":[102],"defined.":[105],"The":[106],"prevailing":[107],"paradigm":[108],"conceive":[111],"phenomenologically":[115],"homogeneous":[116],"using":[117],"syndrome-based":[119],"categorical":[120,171,245,277],"approach,":[121,246],"exemplified":[123],"DSM-5":[125,452,542],"(American":[126],"Psychiatric":[127],"Association":[128],"2013).":[129],"If":[130],"views":[132],"mood":[133,505,537],"disorders":[134,449,506,513],"group":[137],"distinct":[139,185,517],"entities":[140],"independent":[142],"syndromes,":[143],"diagnosis":[145,286],"management":[147],"are":[150,181,229,258,454,522],"allied":[151],"traditional":[154],"model.":[156],"Given":[157],"availability":[159],"effective":[161],"biological":[162],"psychosocial":[164],"therapies":[165,180],"for":[166,214,348,531],"depressed":[167,536],"older":[168,377],"adults,":[169],"approach":[172,190,432],"used":[174],"by":[175,395,400],"most":[176],"geriatric":[177],"psychiatrists.":[178],"Specific":[179],"thus":[182,417],"targeted":[183],"diagnostic":[186],"entities.":[187],"An":[188,376],"alternative":[189],"view":[193,354],"unitary":[197],"phenomenon,":[198],"its":[200],"various":[201],"manifestations":[202],"forming":[203],"continuum.":[205],"symptom":[207,291,355],"checklist":[208],"scales,":[209],"Center":[213],"Epidemiologic":[215],"Studies\u2013Depression":[216],"Scale":[217,224],"(Radloff":[218],"1977)":[219],"Geriatric":[222],"(Yesavage":[225],"et":[226],"al.":[227],"1982\u20131983),":[228],"useful":[230],"determining":[232],"degree":[234],"which":[236],"individual":[238],"experiences":[239],"depressive":[240,255,309,448,464,475,479,492,496,518],"symptoms.":[241],"Compared":[242],"DSM-5\u2019s":[244],"continuum":[248],"offers":[249],"advantage":[251],"identifying":[253],"mild":[254],"symptoms":[256,310,437,483,521],"that":[257,280,314,434,438,453,511],"below":[259],"syndrome":[261],"threshold":[262],"but":[263,364,398],"may":[264,287,391,444],"still":[265],"adversely":[266],"affect":[267,442],"health":[268],"outcomes.":[269],"However,":[270],"it":[271],"shares":[272],"common":[274],"limitation":[275,426],"diagnoses":[278],"two":[281],"similar":[285],"exhibit":[288],"very":[289],"different":[290],"profiles.":[292],"Another":[293],"conceptualization":[294,422],"elder":[297],"take":[303],"functional":[305],"approach:":[306],"when":[307,339],"become":[311],"so":[312],"severe":[313,436],"functioning":[315],"impaired,":[317],"case":[319],"considered":[321,393,419],"worthy":[322],"clinical":[324],"attention.":[325],"Social":[326],"functioning,":[327],"especially":[328],"performance":[330],"role":[332],"responsibilities,":[333],"key":[336],"outcome":[337],"variable":[338],"monitoring":[340],"treatment.":[341],"Functional":[342,414],"capacity":[343],"critical":[346],"element":[347],"family":[349,402],"members,":[350],"who":[351,379],"do":[352,439],"not":[353,399,440],"remission":[356],"alone":[357],"essential":[360],"marker":[361],"improvement":[363],"rather":[365],"emphasize":[366],"return":[368],"social":[370,411],"involvement":[371],"improved":[373,394],"satisfaction.":[375],"adult":[378],"sleeps":[380],"better,":[381],"has":[382],"better":[384],"appetite,":[385],"ceases":[387],"be":[389,392,418,445],"suicidal":[390],"clinician":[397],"if":[403],"patient\u2019s":[405],"isolation":[406],"disinterest":[408],"environment":[412],"persist.":[413],"impairment":[415],"should":[416],"any":[421],"depression.":[424],"A":[425],"relying":[428],"exclusively":[429],"less":[435],"dramatically":[441],"function":[443],"overlooked.":[446],"Key":[447],"included":[450],"relevant":[455],"patients":[460],"include":[461],"1)":[462],"major":[463],"disorder":[465,476,497,527,534,551],"(MDD;":[466],"psychotic":[471],"features),":[472],"2)":[473],"(dysthymia),":[477],"3)":[478],"insufficient":[482],"(previously":[484],"called":[485],"minor":[486],"subsyndromal":[488],"depression),":[489],"4)":[490],"substance/medication-induced":[491],"disorder,":[493],"5)":[495],"due":[498],"another":[500],"condition.":[502],"Moving":[503],"more":[507],"broadly,":[508],"we":[509],"see":[510],"bipolar":[512],"also":[514],"episodes.":[519],"Depressive":[520],"likewise":[523],"other":[526],"categories":[528],"DSM-5;":[530],"example,":[532],"adjustment":[533],"classified":[539],"trauma-":[543],"stressor-related":[545],"disorders,":[546],"complex":[549],"listed":[553],"under":[554],"\u201cOther":[555],"Specified":[556],"Trauma-":[557],"Stressor-Related":[559],"Disorders.\u201d":[560]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-01-09T00:00:00"}
