{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313627273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","title":"Fewer teams, more games, larger attendance? Evidence from the structural change in basketball's EuroLeague","display_name":"Fewer teams, more games, larger attendance? Evidence from the structural change in basketball's EuroLeague","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313627273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101193028","display_name":"Alessandro Di Mattia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-2677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-2677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182204967","display_name":"Molde University College","ror":"https://ror.org/00kxjcd28","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182204967"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Di Mattia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business Administration and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Britvegen 2, Molde 6402, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business Administration and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Britvegen 2, Molde 6402, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182204967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001323297","display_name":"Alex Krumer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-8078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-8078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182204967","display_name":"Molde University College","ror":"https://ror.org/00kxjcd28","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182204967"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex Krumer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business Administration and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Britvegen 2, Molde 6402, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business Administration and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Britvegen 2, Molde 6402, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182204967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001323297"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182204967"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":3.1807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91956931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"309","issue":"1","first_page":"359","last_page":"370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Sociology, History and Politics of Sport","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euroleague","display_name":"Euroleague","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basketball","display_name":"basketball","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stadium-attendance","display_name":"stadium attendance","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tournament-structure","display_name":"tournament structure","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/round-robin-tournament","display_name":"round-robin tournament","score":0.7540000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103189561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372","display_name":"Basketball","level":2,"score":0.885698676109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339289","display_name":"Attendance","level":2,"score":0.8855176568031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136975688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320634","display_name":"Tournament","level":2,"score":0.660875678062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778539849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7596467","display_name":"Stadium","level":2,"score":0.6589727997779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44451484084129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3793543577194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.37801593542099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.359394907951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25162166357040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2494601011276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22522270679473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20424267649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10916975140571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1081644594669342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08013495802879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:ejores:v:309:y:2023:i:1:p:359-370","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221723000024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965391651","https://openalex.org/W1971110338","https://openalex.org/W1995900245","https://openalex.org/W2003311560","https://openalex.org/W2018712474","https://openalex.org/W2020116417","https://openalex.org/W2039842269","https://openalex.org/W2046852206","https://openalex.org/W2055261722","https://openalex.org/W2056948945","https://openalex.org/W2061523556","https://openalex.org/W2062742101","https://openalex.org/W2106063922","https://openalex.org/W2106649044","https://openalex.org/W2110674935","https://openalex.org/W2114639159","https://openalex.org/W2136944811","https://openalex.org/W2140940285","https://openalex.org/W2143512785","https://openalex.org/W2157612417","https://openalex.org/W2164064465","https://openalex.org/W2330906080","https://openalex.org/W2489492350","https://openalex.org/W2609927268","https://openalex.org/W2622260139","https://openalex.org/W2776540574","https://openalex.org/W2808436534","https://openalex.org/W2810361437","https://openalex.org/W2907893606","https://openalex.org/W2972723160","https://openalex.org/W3122350008","https://openalex.org/W3138359206","https://openalex.org/W3144040573","https://openalex.org/W3176229018","https://openalex.org/W4211073730","https://openalex.org/W4225004782","https://openalex.org/W4246033062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061053952","https://openalex.org/W2080048418","https://openalex.org/W4416422281","https://openalex.org/W2780759569","https://openalex.org/W4406042326","https://openalex.org/W6907501503","https://openalex.org/W4410151012","https://openalex.org/W3205108429","https://openalex.org/W2076499682","https://openalex.org/W2598490241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2,95],"whether":[3],"an":[4],"increased":[5,79,86],"number":[6,12,72],"of":[7,13,29,73,114,133,187,206],"games":[8,76,192],"between":[9],"a":[10,17,30,60,130],"reduced":[11],"high-quality":[14],"teams":[15,57,117],"has":[16],"positive":[18],"effect":[19],"on":[20],"stadium":[21],"attendance.":[22,89],"We":[23,151],"did":[24],"this":[25],"by":[26,80,99],"taking":[27],"advantage":[28],"recent":[31],"structural":[32],"change":[33,144,161,181],"that":[34,118,173],"occurred":[35],"in":[36,138,157,177,183,202],"basketball's":[37],"EuroLeague":[38],"tournament.":[39],"Starting":[40],"from":[41,102],"the":[42,45,68,71,87,103,109,112,115,123,143,147,160,164,168,174,180,184,188,191,203,207],"2016/17":[43],"season,":[44,189],"two":[46],"short":[47],"round-robin":[48,62],"tournaments":[49],"(regular":[50],"season":[51,78,166],"and":[52,107,121],"Top":[53,148],"16)":[54],"among":[55,64],"24":[56],"merged":[58],"into":[59],"longer":[61],"tournament":[63],"16":[65,149],"teams.":[66],"In":[67,90],"new":[69],"structure,":[70],"each":[74],"team's":[75],"per":[77,97,140],"more":[81],"than":[82,201],"25":[83],"percent,":[84],"which":[85],"aggregate":[88],"our":[91,125],"empirical":[92],"analyses,":[93],"we":[94,171],"attendance":[96,113,139,158,178],"game":[98,141],"using":[100],"data":[101],"three":[104],"seasons":[105],"before":[106,120,167],"after":[108,122,142,159,179],"change.":[110,169],"Comparing":[111],"same":[116],"played":[119],"change,":[124],"fixed":[126],"effects":[127],"estimation":[128],"reveals":[129],"significant":[131,155],"decrease":[132,176],"close":[134],"to":[135,146,163,195],"nine":[136],"percent":[137],"compared":[145,162],"stage.":[150],"also":[152],"found":[153,172],"no":[154],"difference":[156],"regular":[165],"Finally,":[170],"main":[175],"appears":[182],"first":[185],"half":[186,205],"when":[190],"are":[193],"likely":[194],"be":[196],"perceived":[197],"as":[198],"less":[199],"decisive":[200],"second":[204],"season.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-01-07T00:00:00"}