{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313435395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","title":"Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy and deep learning application for the qualitative and quantitative investigation of nitrogen status in cotton leaves","display_name":"Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy and deep learning application for the qualitative and quantitative investigation of nitrogen status in cotton leaves","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313435395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36643292","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9834998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493613807","display_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","issn_l":"1664-462X","issn":["1664-462X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048289236","display_name":"Qinlin Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-4158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-4158"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinlin Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075608733","display_name":"Na Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-6605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-6605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Huzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Huzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071917261","display_name":"Wentan Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734635","display_name":"Chu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-3154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-3154","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7263-057X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369349","display_name":"Lei Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4521-5131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4521-5131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033118514","display_name":"Lei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-8153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-8153"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008448095","display_name":"Jianxun Shen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxun Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Raw Seed Growing Farm, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Raw Seed Growing Farm, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379796","display_name":"Ze Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2318-8865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2318-8865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ze Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362409","display_name":"Pan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7781-3005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7781-3005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342968","display_name":"Yong He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-1757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-1757","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1008-6595"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100342968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":1.0575,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68009868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1080745","last_page":"1080745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.8827999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.8827999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.07810000330209732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.024900000542402267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton","display_name":"cotton","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-nitrogen-content","display_name":"leaf nitrogen content","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-and-near-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"visible and near-infrared spectroscopy","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characteristic-wavelength-selection","display_name":"characteristic wavelength selection","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saliency-maps","display_name":"saliency maps","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"PLS-DA","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-regression","display_name":"support vector regression","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-nitrogen-status","display_name":"leaf nitrogen status","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-nutrient-monitoring","display_name":"plant nutrient monitoring","score":0.33899998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.8581157326698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6257715821266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6000329256057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5914522409439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5529539585113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145828037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086219","display_name":"Least squares support vector machine","level":3,"score":0.5170305371284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49875974655151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.48771223425865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4799526035785675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4622727334499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4252394735813141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.42378753423690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.41913890838623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.37911707162857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.37063443660736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3620854318141937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1271965205669403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10882878303527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493613807","display_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","issn_l":"1664-462X","issn":["1664-462X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36643292","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36643292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in plant science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9834998","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9834998/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Plant Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be60f7ea6a4946aeb0c2dc4c83a33495","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be60f7ea6a4946aeb0c2dc4c83a33495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 13 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1080745/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493613807","display_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","issn_l":"1664-462X","issn":["1664-462X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.958299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1143932165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AB005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326153","funder_display_name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7859798880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6196030055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326153","display_name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","ror":"https://ror.org/03hcmxw73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313435395.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313435395.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1467891129","https://openalex.org/W1542860649","https://openalex.org/W1996195892","https://openalex.org/W2046232045","https://openalex.org/W2052600159","https://openalex.org/W2091270891","https://openalex.org/W2372207374","https://openalex.org/W2382491874","https://openalex.org/W2477713282","https://openalex.org/W2795759559","https://openalex.org/W2883575878","https://openalex.org/W2942117263","https://openalex.org/W2974140502","https://openalex.org/W3011980703","https://openalex.org/W3023920530","https://openalex.org/W3037232932","https://openalex.org/W3037523865","https://openalex.org/W3082482652","https://openalex.org/W3108563978","https://openalex.org/W3122716237","https://openalex.org/W3129764777","https://openalex.org/W3135067502","https://openalex.org/W3136798987","https://openalex.org/W3185052415","https://openalex.org/W3198672443","https://openalex.org/W3201906676","https://openalex.org/W3216831469","https://openalex.org/W4200249297","https://openalex.org/W4205762023","https://openalex.org/W4210685960","https://openalex.org/W4214560934","https://openalex.org/W4220683037","https://openalex.org/W4220698110","https://openalex.org/W4221099751","https://openalex.org/W4225279473","https://openalex.org/W4281651044","https://openalex.org/W4281762332","https://openalex.org/W4282024449","https://openalex.org/W4291365296","https://openalex.org/W4292343599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412419347","https://openalex.org/W4220698110","https://openalex.org/W7160701112","https://openalex.org/W2089401198","https://openalex.org/W7118444506","https://openalex.org/W4414766589","https://openalex.org/W3130951558","https://openalex.org/W1982254168","https://openalex.org/W4393381332","https://openalex.org/W4417016354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leaf":[0],"nitrogen":[1,184],"concentration":[2],"(LNC)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5],"critical":[6],"indicator":[7],"of":[8,17,131,148,151,155,167,186],"crop":[9],"nutrient":[10],"status.":[11],"In":[12,163],"this":[13],"study,":[14],"the":[15,45,113,143,165,172,183],"feasibility":[16],"using":[18],"visible":[19,197],"and":[20,44,62,90,116,142,196,198],"near-infrared":[21,199],"spectroscopy":[22],"combined":[23],"with":[24],"deep":[25,194],"learning":[26,195],"to":[27,140],"estimate":[28],"LNC":[29,136,174],"in":[30,133],"cotton":[31,156,168,187],"leaves":[32,132,157,169,188],"was":[33,138,158],"explored.":[34],"The":[35,52,128],"samples":[36],"were":[37,47,65,109,121],"collected":[38],"from":[39,48],"cotton's":[40],"whole":[41],"growth":[42],"cycle,":[43],"spectra":[46,115],"different":[49,135],"measurement":[50],"environments.":[51],"random":[53],"frog":[54],"(RF),":[55],"weighted":[56],"partial":[57],"least":[58,74,94],"squares":[59,75,95],"regression":[60,96,102,107],"(WPLS),":[61],"saliency":[63],"map":[64],"used":[66],"for":[67,82,101,205],"characteristic":[68,117],"wavelength":[69],"selection.":[70],"Qualitative":[71],"models":[72,92,124,154],"(partial":[73,93],"discriminant":[76],"analysis":[77],"(PLS-DA),":[78],"support":[79,98],"vector":[80,99],"machine":[81,100],"classification":[83,88,129],"(SVC),":[84],"convolutional":[85,104],"neural":[86,105],"network":[87,106],"(CNNC)":[89],"quantitative":[91,152],"(PLSR),":[97],"(SVR),":[103],"(CNNR))":[108],"established":[110],"based":[111,125,170],"on":[112,126,171],"full":[114],"wavelengths.":[118],"Satisfactory":[119],"results":[120,180],"obtained":[122],"by":[123,193],"CNN.":[127],"accuracy":[130],"three":[134],"ranges":[137],"up":[139],"83.34%,":[141],"root":[144],"mean":[145],"square":[146],"error":[147],"prediction":[149,153],"(RMSEP)":[150],"as":[159,161],"low":[160],"3.36.":[162],"addition,":[164],"identification":[166],"predicted":[173],"also":[175],"achieved":[176],"good":[177],"results.":[178],"These":[179],"indicated":[181],"that":[182],"content":[185],"could":[189],"be":[190],"effectively":[191],"detected":[192],"spectroscopy,":[200],"which":[201],"has":[202],"great":[203],"potential":[204],"real-world":[206],"application.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-01-06T00:00:00"}
