{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313310080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.110.1.107","title":"Carrier Function in Anti-Hapten Antibody Responses","display_name":"Carrier Function in Anti-Hapten Antibody Responses","publication_year":1973,"publication_date":"1973-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313310080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.110.1.107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4049/jimmunol.110.1.107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.110.1.107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.110.1.107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103343578","display_name":"David H. Katz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David H Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115","Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110180932","display_name":"William E. Paul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William E Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115","Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001497872","display_name":"Baruj Benacerraf M. D","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baruj Benacerraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115","Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , and the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87762688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":"1","first_page":"107","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11016","display_name":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-effect","display_name":"carrier effect","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-hapten-antibody-response","display_name":"anti-hapten antibody response","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigenic-competition","display_name":"antigenic competition","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyhole-limpet-hemocyanin","display_name":"keyhole limpet hemocyanin","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-oxidase","display_name":"glucose oxidase","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-antibody-response","display_name":"secondary antibody response","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guinea-pig","display_name":"guinea pig","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776727803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496686","display_name":"Keyhole limpet hemocyanin","level":3,"score":0.8206386566162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29144244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506441","display_name":"Hapten","level":3,"score":0.7953155040740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.6913470029830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903955","display_name":"Dinitrophenyl","level":3,"score":0.6518720388412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.5858945250511169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779915011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407688","display_name":"Hemocyanin","level":3,"score":0.5804911851882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776946954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420291","display_name":"Ovalbumin","level":3,"score":0.5516416430473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79162176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5520338","display_name":"Gamma globulin","level":3,"score":0.4981193542480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.47346845269203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197336794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161150","display_name":"Conjugate","level":2,"score":0.4629244804382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4254128932952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.39524954557418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.38036102056503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4049/jimmunol.110.1.107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.110.1.107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.110.1.107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100178197","https://openalex.org/W245928885","https://openalex.org/W2097388345","https://openalex.org/W2018945366","https://openalex.org/W2010422159","https://openalex.org/W2029100169","https://openalex.org/W1496445319","https://openalex.org/W1677689185","https://openalex.org/W1482193898","https://openalex.org/W1991676798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Guinea":[1],"pigs":[2],"primed":[3],"with":[4,31,72,96,136,148,156,168],"2,4-dinitrophenyl":[5],"(DNP)-ovalbumin":[6],"(OVA)":[7],"will":[8],"develop":[9],"markedly":[10],"enhanced":[11],"secondary":[12,91,120,154],"anti-DNP":[13,48,92,126,160],"antibody":[14,49,257],"responses":[15],"to":[16,176,216],"the":[17,39,65,90,102,106,113,125,142,159,171,218,235,249,263,270],"heterologous":[18],"conjugate":[19],"DNP-bovine":[20],"\u03b3":[21],"globulin":[22],"(BGG)":[23],"provided":[24,162],"that":[25,55,200,234,251],"they":[26],"have":[27,212],"been":[28,139,165],"supplementally":[29],"immunized":[30],"appropriate":[32,114],"amounts":[33],"of":[34,42,99,101,109,129,187,206,220,237,262,265],"BGG.":[35],"This":[36],"phenomenon":[37],"reflects":[38],"enhancing":[40,57,252],"influence":[41],"BGG-specific":[43],"thymus-derived":[44],"(T)":[45],"lymphocytes":[46],"on":[47,256],"production.":[50],"The":[51,174],"present":[52],"studies":[53],"demonstrate":[54],"such":[56,76,226,238],"T":[58,197,208,244,272],"cell":[59,273],"influences":[60,255],"can":[61],"be":[62],"abolished":[63],"by":[64,184,243,269],"following":[66],"manipulations:":[67],"1)":[68],"simultaneous":[69],"supplemental":[70,143,172],"immunization":[71],"two":[73,260],"unrelated":[74],"proteins":[75],"as":[77,227],"BGG":[78,131,134,169],"and":[79,190],"keyhole":[80],"limpet":[81],"hemocyanin":[82],"(KLH)":[83],"or":[84,133,253],"glucose":[85],"oxidase":[86],"(GO)":[87],"significantly":[88],"diminished":[89],"response":[93,127,161],"upon":[94],"challenge":[95,122,147,155],"a":[97,146,185,204,207],"DNP-conjugate":[98],"one":[100],"carriers":[103],"employed;":[104],"2)":[105],"intraperitoneal":[107],"injection":[108],"soluble":[110,149,221],"BGG,":[111],"in":[112,141,170,224],"dose":[115],"range,":[116],"1":[117,151],"day":[118,152],"before":[119,153],"DNP-BGG":[121,157],"completely":[123],"abolishes":[124],"regardless":[128],"whether":[130],"alone":[132],"together":[135],"KLH":[137,150,163,181],"had":[138,164],"used":[140],"immunization;":[144],"3)":[145],"inhibits":[158],"administered":[166],"simultaneously":[167],"immunization.":[173],"failure":[175],"observe":[177],"similar":[178],"suppression":[179,202,229],"when":[180],"was":[182],"replaced":[183],"copolymer":[186],"d-glutamic":[188],"acid":[189],"d-lysine":[191],"(D-GL)":[192],"which":[193],"is":[194,203,240],"nonimmunogenic":[195],"for":[196,247],"cells":[198],"indicates":[199],"this":[201],"reflection":[205],"cell-mediated":[209],"influence.":[210],"We":[211],"interpreted":[213],"these":[214],"observations":[215],"indicate":[217],"production":[219,258],"inhibitory":[222,254],"mediators":[223,239],"phenomena":[225],"antigen-induced":[228],"(\u201cantigenic":[230],"competition\u201d)":[231],"and,":[232],"furthermore,":[233],"elaboration":[236],"most":[241],"likely":[242],"lymphocytes.":[245],"Reasons":[246],"favoring":[248],"concept":[250],"represent":[259],"ends":[261],"spectrum":[264],"regulation":[266],"exerted,":[267],"perhaps,":[268],"same":[271],"product":[274],"are":[275],"discussed.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2023-01-06T00:00:00"}
