{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313260331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010013","title":"Derivation of the Omega-3 Index from EPA and DHA Analysis of Dried Blood Spots from Dogs and Cats","display_name":"Derivation of the Omega-3 Index from EPA and DHA Analysis of Dried Blood Spots from Dogs and Cats","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313260331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010013","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36669014","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9863621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/vetsci10010013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/1/13/pdf?version=1672031965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737379694","display_name":"Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":"2306-7381","issn":["2306-7381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/1/13/pdf?version=1672031965","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019717682","display_name":"William Stephen Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-9353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-9353"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189957204","display_name":"University of South Dakota","ror":"https://ror.org/0043h8f16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189957204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399657948","display_name":"Fatty Acid Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04g7z4238","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399657948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA","Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-9353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189957204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399657948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081875037","display_name":"Kristina Harris Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-8370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-8370"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189957204","display_name":"University of South Dakota","ror":"https://ror.org/0043h8f16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189957204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristina Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA","OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC., Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-8370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189957204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC., Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Heather Carlson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heather Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["All-City Pet Care Veterinary Emergency Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All-City Pet Care Veterinary Emergency Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026241154","display_name":"Nils Hoem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3124-8290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3124-8290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095065","display_name":"Aker (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/00p64v472","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095065"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Hoem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060031991","display_name":"Tonje E. Dominguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-0309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-0309"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095065","display_name":"Aker (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/00p64v472","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095065"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tonje Dominguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-0309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083402630","display_name":"Lena Burri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-504X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-504X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095065","display_name":"Aker (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/00p64v472","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095065"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lena Burri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-504X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019717682"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189957204","https://openalex.org/I4399657948"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1780},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1780},"fwci":1.1588,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7216231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10387","display_name":"Fatty Acid Research and Health","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10387","display_name":"Fatty Acid Research and Health","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11580","display_name":"Veterinary Medicine and Surgery","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omega-3-index","display_name":"omega-3 index","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eicosapentaenoic-acid","display_name":"eicosapentaenoic acid","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/docosahexaenoic-acid","display_name":"docosahexaenoic acid","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dried-blood-spots","display_name":"dried blood spots","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-blood-cell-fatty-acids","display_name":"red blood cell fatty acids","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dogs","display_name":"dogs","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cats","display_name":"cats","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/companion-animals","display_name":"companion animals","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediction-equations","display_name":"prediction equations","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779904517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5008900","display_name":"CATS","level":2,"score":0.9151566028594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777171753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423345","display_name":"Docosahexaenoic acid","level":4,"score":0.9026319980621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776091944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409990","display_name":"Eicosapentaenoic acid","level":4,"score":0.8735904693603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776597655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5307389","display_name":"Dried blood spot","level":2,"score":0.5091759562492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017516299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886705","display_name":"Dried blood","level":2,"score":0.500457763671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776557347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37187","display_name":"Red blood cell","level":2,"score":0.4345831573009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42639389634132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1621761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7997549","display_name":"Whole blood","level":2,"score":0.4249425530433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.3766986131668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3545542061328888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.35102444887161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543025807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61476","display_name":"Fatty acid","level":2,"score":0.34962666034698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.3480173349380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3361626863479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3146631121635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.31099432706832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3070898950099945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19038510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005087","display_name":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid","level":3,"score":0.27358728647232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.15950420498847961}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/vetsci10010013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/1/13/pdf?version=1672031965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737379694","display_name":"Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":"2306-7381","issn":["2306-7381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36669014","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36669014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9863621","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9863621/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vet Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e64f434779c8434ea430234ed8de240a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e64f434779c8434ea430234ed8de240a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 13 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/vetsci10010013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/1/13/pdf?version=1672031965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737379694","display_name":"Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":"2306-7381","issn":["2306-7381"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313260331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313260331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967629384","https://openalex.org/W1971091197","https://openalex.org/W1987026155","https://openalex.org/W2002911475","https://openalex.org/W2003347868","https://openalex.org/W2037920846","https://openalex.org/W2086740555","https://openalex.org/W2090193852","https://openalex.org/W2093520881","https://openalex.org/W2111256519","https://openalex.org/W2116635073","https://openalex.org/W2121421075","https://openalex.org/W2141955521","https://openalex.org/W2163685373","https://openalex.org/W2172164503","https://openalex.org/W2188696550","https://openalex.org/W2189083880","https://openalex.org/W2517076553","https://openalex.org/W2570789555","https://openalex.org/W2585078268","https://openalex.org/W2619882586","https://openalex.org/W2625526447","https://openalex.org/W2789096972","https://openalex.org/W2895375382","https://openalex.org/W2910780577","https://openalex.org/W2921856553","https://openalex.org/W3155934512","https://openalex.org/W6673213149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204157308","https://openalex.org/W2570789555","https://openalex.org/W3176143983","https://openalex.org/W4403876747","https://openalex.org/W2014859687","https://openalex.org/W4387576629","https://openalex.org/W2385940331","https://openalex.org/W345140430","https://openalex.org/W2606143477","https://openalex.org/W7212237836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57,126],"Omega-3":[1],"Index":[2],"(O3I)":[3],"is":[4,37],"the":[5,40,68,109,112,119,142,152],"red":[6],"blood":[7,76,81],"cell":[8],"(RBC)":[9],"eicosapentaenoic":[10],"acid":[11,15,104],"(EPA)":[12],"plus":[13],"docosahexaenoic":[14],"(DHA)":[16],"content":[17],"expressed":[18],"as":[19],"a":[20,28,74,92,148],"percentage":[21],"of":[22,31,43,59,154],"total":[23],"RBC":[24,98],"fatty":[25,51,103],"acids.":[26],"Although":[27],"validated":[29],"biomarker":[30],"omega-3":[32,50,159],"status":[33,42],"in":[34,48,70,132,137,161],"humans,":[35],"little":[36],"known":[38,54],"about":[39],"O3I":[41,69,120,127,143],"dogs":[44,85,133],"and":[45,86,97,118,134,151],"cats;":[46],"species":[47,72],"which":[49],"acids":[52],"have":[53],"health":[55],"benefits.":[56],"purpose":[58],"this":[60],"study":[61],"was":[62,121,128],"to":[63,66],"develop":[64],"equations":[65],"predict":[67],"these":[71,162],"from":[73,83,91,147],"dried":[75],"spot":[77],"(DBS)":[78],"analysis.":[79],"Random":[80],"samples":[82,99],"33":[84],"10":[87],"cats":[88,135],"were":[89,100],"obtained":[90],"community":[93],"veterinary":[94],"clinic.":[95],"DBS":[96,113,149,155],"analyzed":[101],"for":[102],"composition.":[105],"For":[106],"both":[107],"species,":[108],"R2":[110],"between":[111],"EPA":[114],"+":[115],"DHA":[116],"value":[117],">0.96":[122],"(p":[123],"<":[124],"0.001).":[125],"roughly":[129],"75%":[130],"lower":[131],"than":[136],"humans.":[138],"We":[139],"conclude":[140],"that":[141],"can":[144],"be":[145],"estimated":[146],"sample,":[150],"convenience":[153],"collection":[156],"should":[157],"facilitate":[158],"research":[160],"companion":[163],"animals.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-01-06T00:00:00"}