{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312980937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.24","title":"The growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), determined by fatty liver index, amongst young adults in the United States. A 20-year experience","display_name":"The growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), determined by fatty liver index, amongst young adults in the United States. A 20-year experience","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312980937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.24"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20517/mtod.2022.24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.24","pdf_url":"https://mtodjournal.net/article/download/5266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236208","display_name":"Metabolism and Target Organ Damage","issn_l":"2769-6375","issn":["2769-6375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metabolism and Target Organ Damage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://mtodjournal.net/article/download/5266","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362629","display_name":"Wenhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0717-9069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0717-9069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263501","display_name":"Blizard Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01y7pzx08","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4405263501"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4405263501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077629563","display_name":"Cheng Han Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8297-1569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8297-1569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Han Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026911776","display_name":"Jingxuan Quek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3395-9907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3395-9907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingxuan Quek","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074504864","display_name":"Kai En Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-2623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-2623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai En Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102861014","display_name":"Caitlyn Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-9601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-9601","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9806-7482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlyn Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034546000","display_name":"Rebecca Wenling Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1734-6959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1734-6959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Wenling Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025459684","display_name":"Jie Ning Yong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-5698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-5698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Ning Yong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Director, Houston Liver Institute, 1155 Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77079, USA","School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Director, Houston Liver Institute, 1155 Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77079, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049516056","display_name":"Hannah Tay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Tay","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015041967","display_name":"Darren Jun Hao Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5358-524X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5358-524X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren Jun Hao Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033842737","display_name":"Wen Hui Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-7871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-7871"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Hui Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016076247","display_name":"Douglas Chee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-6648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-6648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146690","display_name":"National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04fp9fm22","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Chee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026054705","display_name":"Jinyang Ho","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146690","display_name":"National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04fp9fm22","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyang Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080623484","display_name":"Nicholas Chew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0640-0430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0640-0430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107866","display_name":"National University Heart Centre Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01vvdem88","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146690","display_name":"National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04fp9fm22","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas W.S. Chew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore","MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107866","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lung Yi Mak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lung Yi Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004639766","display_name":"Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-7489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-7489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070639714","display_name":"Arun Jayant Sanyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-5748","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-5748"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Sanyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067920969","display_name":"William Alazawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-5914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-5914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263501","display_name":"Blizard Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01y7pzx08","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4405263501"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Alazawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4405263501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029307354","display_name":"Naim Alkouri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138836","display_name":"Texas Liver Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03yk6x532","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naim Alkouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Liver Institute, San Antonio, TX 78215, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Liver Institute, San Antonio, TX 78215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058087480","display_name":"Mark Dhinesh Muthiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-4743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-4743"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146690","display_name":"National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04fp9fm22","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Muthiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore","MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043846829","display_name":"Mazen Noureddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2127-2040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2127-2040","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1541-0036"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mazen Noureddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Houston Liver Institute, Houston, TX 77079, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Liver Institute, Houston, TX 77079, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043846829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8031,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8509378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"19","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11207","display_name":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease","display_name":"non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adults","display_name":"young adults","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatty-liver-index","display_name":"fatty liver index","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-liver-fibrosis","display_name":"advanced liver fibrosis","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-adverse-cardiovascular-events","display_name":"major adverse cardiovascular events","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nhanes","display_name":"NHANES","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fib-4-index","display_name":"FIB-4","score":0.9869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8380324840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546498","display_name":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","level":4,"score":0.7982679605484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778772119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058862","display_name":"Fatty liver","level":3,"score":0.7541944980621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.7132641077041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6982609033584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779874844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967281","display_name":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","level":3,"score":0.6282808780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6205216646194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.5801422595977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5140403509140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47832274436950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.46126702427864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2688937783241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2208908200263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1003345251083374}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20517/mtod.2022.24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.24","pdf_url":"https://mtodjournal.net/article/download/5266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236208","display_name":"Metabolism and Target Organ Damage","issn_l":"2769-6375","issn":["2769-6375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metabolism and Target Organ Damage","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/348810","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/348810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20517/mtod.2022.24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.24","pdf_url":"https://mtodjournal.net/article/download/5266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236208","display_name":"Metabolism and Target Organ Damage","issn_l":"2769-6375","issn":["2769-6375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metabolism and Target Organ Damage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312980937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312980937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513833217","https://openalex.org/W1964572117","https://openalex.org/W1969562548","https://openalex.org/W1975701178","https://openalex.org/W2060189000","https://openalex.org/W2063437798","https://openalex.org/W2087987085","https://openalex.org/W2111946630","https://openalex.org/W2122676510","https://openalex.org/W2125023584","https://openalex.org/W2143104968","https://openalex.org/W2161883681","https://openalex.org/W2183446018","https://openalex.org/W2300802531","https://openalex.org/W2341568598","https://openalex.org/W2395849945","https://openalex.org/W2520485998","https://openalex.org/W2529917894","https://openalex.org/W2767268548","https://openalex.org/W2770837559","https://openalex.org/W2934946727","https://openalex.org/W2940657120","https://openalex.org/W2955615964","https://openalex.org/W2972878688","https://openalex.org/W3000700853","https://openalex.org/W3016852290","https://openalex.org/W3038199815","https://openalex.org/W3092264591","https://openalex.org/W3094135301","https://openalex.org/W3095524995","https://openalex.org/W3127981559","https://openalex.org/W3160680832","https://openalex.org/W3162773903","https://openalex.org/W3175942928","https://openalex.org/W3176502621","https://openalex.org/W3187380242","https://openalex.org/W3205269032","https://openalex.org/W3209883899","https://openalex.org/W3211659156","https://openalex.org/W3216646665","https://openalex.org/W4200156908","https://openalex.org/W4200279068","https://openalex.org/W4212798162","https://openalex.org/W4212999377","https://openalex.org/W4225428071","https://openalex.org/W4233931937","https://openalex.org/W4280599356","https://openalex.org/W4290547226","https://openalex.org/W7075606806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2300802531","https://openalex.org/W4296072162","https://openalex.org/W3175942928","https://openalex.org/W2090013838","https://openalex.org/W2756046779","https://openalex.org/W4388431106","https://openalex.org/W3195251543","https://openalex.org/W4200506283","https://openalex.org/W3157208641","https://openalex.org/W3184212733"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim:":[0],"The":[1,128,191,238,261],"Global":[2],"burden":[3],"of":[4,37,103,115,123,150,189,221,241,250,263,269],"nonalcoholic":[5],"fatty":[6,78],"liver":[7,73,79],"disease":[8],"(NAFLD)":[9],"has":[10],"significantly":[11,186],"increased":[12,130],"recently,":[13],"with":[14,46,76,91,139,211,255],"its":[15,253],"prevalence":[16,129,220,240],"mirroring":[17],"increasing":[18],"obesity":[19,199],"and":[20,42,48,66,82,86,148,155,252,267],"diabetes.":[21],"However,":[22],"population-specific":[23],"evidence":[24],"for":[25,112],"young":[26,40,124,244],"adults":[27,41,125,210,245],"remains":[28],"limited.":[29],"Herein,":[30],"we":[31],"provide":[32],"a":[33,140,214,256],"20-year":[34],"trend":[35,143],"analysis":[36,99],"NAFLD":[38,47,212,227,242,251],"in":[39,133,137,194,218,243,259],"examine":[43],"factors":[44],"associated":[45],"major":[49],"adverse":[50],"cardiovascular":[51],"events":[52],"(MACE)":[53],"prevalence.":[54],"Methods:":[55],"This":[56],"study":[57,104],"uses":[58],"data":[59],"from":[60,131],"the":[61,77,92,101,113,219,247],"United":[62,83],"States":[63],"National":[64],"Health":[65],"Nutrition":[67],"Examination":[68],"Survey":[69],"(NHANES)":[70],"1999-2018.":[71],"Fatty":[72],"was":[74,89,105,196],"examined":[75,90],"index":[80,177],"(FLI)":[81],"States-FLI":[84],"(US-FLI),":[85],"advanced":[87,156],"fibrosis":[88],"fibrosis-4":[93],"index.":[94],"Clustered":[95],"multivariate":[96,160],"logistic":[97],"regression":[98],"on":[100],"year":[102],"applied":[106],"to":[107,121,135,166,172,181,198,204,224,232],"obtain":[108],"odds":[109,188,195],"ratios":[110],"(OR)":[111],"estimation":[114],"events.":[116],"Results:":[117],"13.31%":[118],"(95%CI:":[119],"12.71%":[120],"13.94%)":[122],"had":[126,213],"NAFLD.":[127,190],"9.98%":[132],"1999":[134],"19.49%":[136],"2018,":[138],"statistically":[141],"significant":[142,154,257],"(P":[144],"<":[145,184,207],"0.001).":[146,208],"9.52%":[147],"5.29%":[149],"patients":[151],"have":[152],"clinically":[153],"fibrosis,":[157],"respectively.":[158],"In":[159],"analysis,":[161],"diabetes":[162],"(3.48,":[163],"95%CI:":[164,170,179,202,230],"2.37":[165],"5.11),":[167],"hypertension":[168],"(2.03,":[169],"1.62":[171],"2.55),":[173],"elevated":[174],"body":[175],"mass":[176],"(1.22,":[178],"1.20":[180],"1.23,":[182],"P":[183,206,234],"0.001)":[185],"increases":[187],"largest":[192],"increase":[193,217,258],"related":[197],"(OR:":[200,228],"21.61,":[201],"16.95":[203],"27.55,":[205],"Young":[209],"borderline":[215],"non-significant":[216],"MACE":[222],"compared":[223],"individuals":[225,271],"without":[226],"1.603,":[229],"0.949":[231],"2.708,":[233],"=":[235],"0.078).":[236],"Conclusion:":[237],"rising":[239],"depicts":[246],"changing":[248],"landscape":[249],"association":[254],"MACE.":[260],"challenge":[262],"effective":[264],"risk":[265],"stratification":[266],"education":[268],"these":[270],"remains.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-01-05T00:00:00"}