{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312087803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.066539","title":"A Cluster\u2010Based Machine Learning Approach for Evaluating Factors Associated with Tau Protein in Plasma","display_name":"A Cluster\u2010Based Machine Learning Approach for Evaluating Factors Associated with Tau Protein in Plasma","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312087803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.066539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/alz.066539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.066539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.066539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108427512","display_name":"Alzheimer s & Dementia","issn_l":"1552-5260","issn":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012285927","display_name":"Yi\u2010Han Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-6563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-6563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi\u2010Han Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging  Baltimore MD USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging  Baltimore MD USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041494330","display_name":"Osorio Meirelles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-5113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-5113"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osorio Meirelles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging  Baltimore MD USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging  Baltimore MD USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006759463","display_name":"Eric Shrioma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Shrioma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging  Baltimore MD USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging  Baltimore MD USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107424087","display_name":"Claudia Liliana Satiz\u00e1bal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-4430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-4430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165951966","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02f6dcw23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165951966","https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia L Satizabal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas Health Sciences Center  San Antonio TX USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas Health Sciences Center  San Antonio TX USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048908501","display_name":"Russell P. Tracy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0080-2420","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0080-2420"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell P. Tracy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont  Burlington VT USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont  Burlington VT USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018722034","display_name":"Lenore J. Launer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-7612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-7612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lenore J. Launer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging  Baltimore MD USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging  Baltimore MD USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012285927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136897"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21405794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"S5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-biomarkers","display_name":"peripheral biomarkers","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9810000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5815263390541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.547889769077301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5384260416030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5218604803085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.48123598098754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.47572997212409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4673391282558441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.46025383472442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4534667730331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4509517550468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.4290812611579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.4278929829597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42303457856178284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3739349842071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3607511520385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3158116340637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3088999390602112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3051331043243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.22807791829109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/alz.066539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.066539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.066539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108427512","display_name":"Alzheimer s & Dementia","issn_l":"1552-5260","issn":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401420159","https://openalex.org/W7116903396","https://openalex.org/W4406209135","https://openalex.org/W2903603526","https://openalex.org/W4416937451","https://openalex.org/W4412711250","https://openalex.org/W4407851922","https://openalex.org/W4406217705","https://openalex.org/W4411078080","https://openalex.org/W4405889468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Plasma":[2],"total":[3],"tau":[4,327],"(t\u2010tau)":[5],"has":[6],"shown":[7],"acceptable":[8],"diagnostic":[9],"accuracy":[10],"for":[11],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[12],"disease":[13],"(AD),":[14],"but":[15],"other":[16],"factors":[17,35,44,126,319,344],"than":[18],"levels":[19,40,88,328],"of":[20,41,74,82,85,150,187,202,229,322],"t\u2010tau":[21,87,166,293],"in":[22,89,107,267,325,329],"the":[23,83,108,148,151,168,173,194,199,209,227,230,233,254,264,272,323],"brain":[24],"may":[25,37,45],"influence":[26,38],"peripheral":[27,34,326],"levels.":[28],"While":[29],"little":[30],"is":[31,334],"known":[32],"about":[33],"that":[36,77],"plasma":[39,86,158],"t\u2010tau,":[42],"such":[43,53],"be":[46],"similar":[47],"to":[48,69,124,157,223,232,336],"those":[49],"associated":[50,277,291,310],"with":[51,119,127,278,292,311],"AD,":[52],"as":[54,167],"cardiovascular":[55],"risk":[56],"factors,":[57,141],"which":[58],"are":[59],"often":[60],"correlated.":[61],"We":[62,95,113,145,160,237],"have":[63],"developed":[64],"a":[65,80,90,190,247],"machine":[66,182],"learning":[67],"pipeline":[68],"identify":[70],"individual":[71],"and":[72,139,143,153,179,215,225,253,287,304,340],"clusters":[73,152,231,276],"correlated":[75],"variables":[76],"might":[78],"explain":[79,320],"proportion":[81],"variance":[84,324],"well\u2010phenotyped":[91],"population\u2010based":[92],"cohort.":[93],"Method":[94],"studied":[96],"992":[97],"dementia\u2010free":[98],"older":[99,330],"adults":[100],"(mean":[101],"age":[102],"76":[103],"years,":[104],"44%":[105],"men)":[106],"Age,":[109],"Gene/Environment":[110],"Susceptibility\u2010Reykjavik":[111],"Study.":[112],"used":[114,222],"agglomerative":[115],"hierarchical":[116],"clustering":[117],"along":[118],"principal":[120],"component":[121],"(PC)":[122],"analysis":[123],"group":[125],"moderate\u2010to\u2010high":[128],"similarity":[129],"from":[130,257],"290":[131],"potential":[132],"predictors":[133],"including":[134,250],"socio\u2010demographic,":[135],"anthropometric,":[136],"laboratory,":[137],"cardiometabolic":[138],"lifestyle":[140],"diseases":[142],"medications.":[144],"then":[146],"calculated":[147],"PCs":[149],"examined":[154],"their":[155],"relationship":[156],"t\u2010tau.":[159,312],"trained":[161],"two":[162],"nonlinear":[163],"models":[164,195],"using":[165,189,208],"dependent":[169],"outcome":[170],"variable":[171],"\u2010":[172],"extreme":[174],"gradient":[175],"boosting":[176],"model":[177,245,249],"(GBM)":[178],"support":[180],"vector":[181],"(SVM)":[183],"\u0336":[184],"on":[185,198,263],"80%":[186],"data":[188],"ten\u2010fold":[191],"cross\u2010validation":[192],"approach;":[193],"were":[196,289,308],"evaluated":[197],"remaining":[200],"20%":[201],"data.":[203],"Model":[204],"performance":[205],"was":[206,221,246],"assessed":[207],"root":[210],"mean":[211],"square":[212],"error":[213],"(RMSE)":[214],"correlation.":[216],"SHapley":[217],"Additive":[218],"exPlanations":[219],"(SHAP)":[220],"rank":[224],"interpret":[226],"contribution":[228],"best\u2010performed":[234],"model.":[235],"Result":[236],"identified":[238],"25":[239,259],"distinct":[240],"clusters.":[241],"The":[242],"best":[243],"performing":[244],"SVM":[248],"age,":[251],"sex":[252],"first":[255],"PC":[256],"all":[258],"clusters(Figure":[260],"1).":[261],"Based":[262],"SHAP":[265],"values":[266],"this":[268],"model,":[269],"we":[270],"found":[271],"top":[273],"10":[274],"ranked":[275],"p\u2010tau(Figure":[279],"2):":[280],"platelets(5":[281],"variables),":[282],"body":[283,296],"size(33),":[284],"physical":[285],"activity\u2010walk(6),":[286],"tobacco(9)":[288],"negatively":[290],"level,":[294],"while":[295],"fat(8),":[297],"sex,":[298],"cognitive":[299],"function(27),":[300],"inflammation(7),":[301],"blood":[302,306],"pressure(6),":[303],"red":[305],"cells(11)":[307],"positively":[309],"Conclusion":[313],"Our":[314],"novel":[315],"approach":[316],"suggests":[317],"additional":[318],"some":[321],"adults.":[331],"Additional":[332],"research":[333],"needed":[335],"confirm":[337],"these":[338,343],"findings":[339],"investigate":[341],"whether":[342],"modulate":[345],"or":[346],"mediate":[347],"tau\u2010related":[348],"pathology.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-01-04T00:00:00"}
