{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311925389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sin56466.2022.9970534","title":"Formal Methods for the Verification of Smart Contracts: A Review","display_name":"Formal Methods for the Verification of Smart Contracts: A Review","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311925389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sin56466.2022.9970534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sin56466.2022.9970534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sin56466.2022.9970534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sin56466.2022.9970534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089060","display_name":"International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 15th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004970162","display_name":"Moez Krichen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8873-9755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8873-9755"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52207611","display_name":"Al Baha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0403jak37","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moez Krichen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al-Baha University,Faculty of CSIT,Al-Baha,Saudi Arabia","Faculty of CSIT, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al-Baha University,Faculty of CSIT,Al-Baha,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of CSIT, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069703530","display_name":"Mariam Lahami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-6917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-6917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Lahami","raw_affiliation_strings":["ReDCAD Laboratory National School of Engineers of Sfax, Sfax Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ReDCAD Laboratory National School of Engineers of Sfax, Sfax Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018588641","display_name":"Qasem S. Abu Al-Haija","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-0297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-0297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qasem Abu Al-Haija","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiy Princess Sumaya University For Technology,Computer Science Department,Jordan","Computer Science Department, Universiy Princess Sumaya University For Technology, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiy Princess Sumaya University For Technology,Computer Science Department,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universiy Princess Sumaya University For Technology, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.9551,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99537391,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"08"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.6977999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.6977999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.25609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.03449999913573265,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contracts","display_name":"smart contracts","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"formal methods","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"formal verification","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"blockchain","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract-vulnerabilities","display_name":"smart contract vulnerabilities","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defects","display_name":"software defects","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7132771611213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6344621181488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.6280951499938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.592864990234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.5586614012718201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.5460028052330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3577132225036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3525094985961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18569079041481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sin56466.2022.9970534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sin56466.2022.9970534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sin56466.2022.9970534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089060","display_name":"International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 15th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517942333","https://openalex.org/W2769609281","https://openalex.org/W2778144710","https://openalex.org/W2783115857","https://openalex.org/W2787648539","https://openalex.org/W2794161035","https://openalex.org/W2794753360","https://openalex.org/W2794965318","https://openalex.org/W2804791132","https://openalex.org/W2883052346","https://openalex.org/W2901553840","https://openalex.org/W2904939711","https://openalex.org/W2906944312","https://openalex.org/W2907274733","https://openalex.org/W2907368480","https://openalex.org/W2920932783","https://openalex.org/W2946746159","https://openalex.org/W2961313717","https://openalex.org/W2961680519","https://openalex.org/W2966046125","https://openalex.org/W2971926888","https://openalex.org/W2979348624","https://openalex.org/W2996885339","https://openalex.org/W2997876541","https://openalex.org/W3004470351","https://openalex.org/W3009529394","https://openalex.org/W3025529919","https://openalex.org/W3034136313","https://openalex.org/W3034922941","https://openalex.org/W3077905897","https://openalex.org/W3106677187","https://openalex.org/W3115899624","https://openalex.org/W3120366900","https://openalex.org/W3161459743","https://openalex.org/W4226211223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981518695","https://openalex.org/W2962584186","https://openalex.org/W4412405410","https://openalex.org/W2982387987","https://openalex.org/W4416302221","https://openalex.org/W3047945658","https://openalex.org/W3085459365","https://openalex.org/W2955886508","https://openalex.org/W4405360863","https://openalex.org/W3186717497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"contracts":[1,4,44,125],"are":[2,94,109],"digital":[3],"that":[5],"rely":[6],"on":[7,73,123],"Blockchain":[8],"technology":[9],"to":[10,25,106,160],"make":[11],"their":[12],"terms":[13],"and":[14,34,38,60,100,103,127,141,144,155],"execution":[15],"conditions":[16],"unforgeable.":[17],"The":[18],"purpose":[19],"of":[20,90,135,139],"a":[21,30,66],"smart":[22,43,67,124],"contract":[23,68],"is":[24,71,112],"eliminate":[26],"the":[27,74,88,118,133,137],"need":[28],"for":[29,97],"middleman":[31],"in":[32,49,79],"business":[33],"trade":[35],"between":[36],"anonymous":[37],"identified":[39],"participants.":[40],"Since":[41],"2016,":[42],"have":[45,129,151],"been":[46,130],"gaining":[47],"traction":[48],"various":[50],"areas,":[51],"including":[52],"public":[53],"management,":[54],"supply":[55],"chain,":[56],"energy,":[57],"finance,":[58],"communication,":[59],"healthcare.":[61],"Anyone":[62],"who":[63],"interacts":[64],"with":[65,132],"after":[69],"it":[70,82],"launched":[72],"blockchain":[75],"system":[76],"will":[77],"be":[78],"danger":[80],"if":[81],"contains":[83],"vulnerabilities":[84],"or":[85],"faults.":[86],"Therefore,":[87],"use":[89],"formal":[91,121],"methods":[92,122],"which":[93],"mathematical":[95],"techniques":[96],"modeling,":[98],"designing,":[99],"testing":[101],"software":[102],"hardware":[104],"systems":[105],"ensure":[107],"they":[108],"constructed":[110],"correctly,":[111],"highly":[113],"required.":[114],"In":[115],"this":[116,161],"paper,":[117],"applied":[119],"state-of-the-art":[120],"specification":[126],"verification":[128],"reviewed":[131],"aim":[134],"minimizing":[136],"risk":[138],"faults":[140],"bugs":[142],"occurrence":[143],"avoiding":[145],"possible":[146],"resulting":[147],"costs.":[148],"Also,":[149],"we":[150],"discussed":[152],"several":[153],"challenges":[154],"future":[156],"research":[157,163],"guidelines":[158],"related":[159],"emerging":[162],"tonic.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":59}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2023-01-02T00:00:00"}