{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311636742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11234047","title":"Modeling Speech Emotion Recognition via Attention-Oriented Parallel CNN Encoders","display_name":"Modeling Speech Emotion Recognition via Attention-Oriented Parallel CNN Encoders","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311636742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11234047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics11234047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11234047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11234047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/23/4047/pdf?version=1670385575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/23/4047/pdf?version=1670385575","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017599793","display_name":"Fazliddin Makhmudov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-0137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-0137"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazliddin Makhmudov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-0137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076361725","display_name":"Alpamis Kutlimuratov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7472-4165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7472-4165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alpamis Kutlimuratov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI and Software Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI and Software Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055726242","display_name":"Farkhod Akhmedov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-3479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-3479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farkhod Akhmedov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-3479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087657491","display_name":"Mohamed S. Abdallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-625X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-625X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156128","display_name":"Electronics Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0532wcf75","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094263","https://openalex.org/I4210156128"]}],"countries":["EG","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed S. Abdallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea","Informatics Department, Electronics Research Institute (ERI), Cairo 11843, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-625X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Department, Electronics Research Institute (ERI), Cairo 11843, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023896107","display_name":"Young Im Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-7599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-7599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young-Im Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-7599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023896107"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2094},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2094},"fwci":1.9253,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87144877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"23","first_page":"4047","last_page":"4047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-emotion-recognition","display_name":"speech emotion recognition","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-mechanism","display_name":"attention mechanism","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstral-coefficients","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paralanguage","display_name":"paralinguistic features","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-classification","display_name":"emotion classification","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emo-db","display_name":"EMO-DB","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iemocap","display_name":"IEMOCAP","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8026403188705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133378560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753225","display_name":"Paralanguage","level":2,"score":0.7658916711807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.6735000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6319570541381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6090539693832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.5984909534454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5325298309326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5078218579292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.462504118680954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40585869550704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.36968812346458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics11234047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11234047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11234047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/23/4047/pdf?version=1670385575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dfb3c5e102a74d258fd2ae1c61107284","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dfb3c5e102a74d258fd2ae1c61107284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronics, Vol 11, Iss 4047, p 4047 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics11234047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11234047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11234047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/23/4047/pdf?version=1670385575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G258626716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2022-2017-0-01630","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5833464005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2022-2017-0-01630","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321366","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311636742.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311636742.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175750906","https://openalex.org/W854541894","https://openalex.org/W1976166016","https://openalex.org/W2102697000","https://openalex.org/W2110052520","https://openalex.org/W2140793254","https://openalex.org/W2146334809","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2399733683","https://openalex.org/W2625297138","https://openalex.org/W2738561771","https://openalex.org/W2747227176","https://openalex.org/W2747506362","https://openalex.org/W2747664154","https://openalex.org/W2765860599","https://openalex.org/W2766272105","https://openalex.org/W2766756589","https://openalex.org/W2787391987","https://openalex.org/W2806051338","https://openalex.org/W2807062934","https://openalex.org/W2889374687","https://openalex.org/W2889717020","https://openalex.org/W2891540872","https://openalex.org/W2937977583","https://openalex.org/W2956824775","https://openalex.org/W2969462887","https://openalex.org/W2974743569","https://openalex.org/W2986661129","https://openalex.org/W3004742246","https://openalex.org/W3024085187","https://openalex.org/W3028860956","https://openalex.org/W3109961563","https://openalex.org/W3110095155","https://openalex.org/W3112637434","https://openalex.org/W3118826611","https://openalex.org/W3134925817","https://openalex.org/W3139270985","https://openalex.org/W3152757486","https://openalex.org/W3164046946","https://openalex.org/W3173311612","https://openalex.org/W3193778305","https://openalex.org/W3196332685","https://openalex.org/W3196974791","https://openalex.org/W3202825385","https://openalex.org/W4221046698","https://openalex.org/W4221162872","https://openalex.org/W4293222191","https://openalex.org/W4296994433","https://openalex.org/W4297504216","https://openalex.org/W4307703278","https://openalex.org/W4312857458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367038912","https://openalex.org/W7103179385","https://openalex.org/W4310154196","https://openalex.org/W2778073151","https://openalex.org/W4362650848","https://openalex.org/W4415985257","https://openalex.org/W3082010634","https://openalex.org/W3134925817","https://openalex.org/W4409728756","https://openalex.org/W4318200341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Meticulous":[0],"learning":[1],"of":[2,11,35,136],"human":[3],"emotions":[4],"through":[5],"speech":[6,13,24,28,73],"is":[7,121],"an":[8],"indispensable":[9],"function":[10],"modern":[12],"emotion":[14,67],"recognition":[15],"(SER)":[16],"models.":[17,127],"Consequently,":[18],"deriving":[19],"and":[20,72,78,89,101,109,113,132,144,153,158],"interpreting":[21],"various":[22],"crucial":[23],"features":[25,62,75,92],"from":[26],"raw":[27],"data":[29],"are":[30,64],"complicated":[31],"responsibilities":[32],"in":[33,41,146],"terms":[34],"modeling":[36],"to":[37,95,142],"improve":[38],"performance.":[39],"Therefore,":[40],"this":[42],"study,":[43],"we":[44],"developed":[45],"a":[46],"novel":[47],"SER":[48],"model":[49,120,139],"via":[50],"attention-oriented":[51],"parallel":[52],"convolutional":[53],"neural":[54],"network":[55],"(CNN)":[56],"encoders":[57],"that":[58,63,117],"parallelly":[59],"acquire":[60],"important":[61],"used":[65],"for":[66,86,98],"classification.":[68],"Particularly,":[69],"MFCC,":[70],"paralinguistic,":[71],"spectrogram":[74],"were":[76,93,140,156],"derived":[77],"encoded":[79,91],"by":[80],"designing":[81],"different":[82],"CNN":[83],"architectures":[84],"individually":[85],"the":[87,90,114,118,125,137,161],"features,":[88],"fed":[94],"attention":[96],"mechanisms":[97],"further":[99],"representation,":[100],"then":[102],"classified.":[103],"Empirical":[104],"veracity":[105],"executed":[106],"on":[107],"EMO-DB":[108,147],"IEMOCAP":[110,162],"open":[111],"datasets,":[112],"results":[115],"showed":[116],"proposed":[119,138],"more":[122],"efficient":[123],"than":[124],"baseline":[126],"Especially,":[128],"weighted":[129],"accuracy":[130,134],"(WA)":[131],"unweighted":[133],"(UA)":[135],"equal":[141],"71.8%":[143],"70.9%":[145],"dataset":[148],"scenario,":[149],"respectively.":[150],"Moreover,":[151],"WA":[152],"UA":[154],"rates":[155],"72.4%":[157],"71.1%":[159],"with":[160],"dataset.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-12-27T00:00:00"}