{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311620394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2153102","title":"Investor-state dispute settlement: obstructing a just energy transition","display_name":"Investor-state dispute settlement: obstructing a just energy transition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311620394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2153102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/14693062.2022.2153102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2153102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2153102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113876312","display_name":"Climate Policy","issn_l":"1469-3062","issn":["1469-3062","1752-7457"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Climate Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049102115","display_name":"Kyla Tienhaara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7148-7686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7148-7686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyla Tienhaara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Development Policy Center, Boston University, Boston, USA","School of Environmental Studies and Department of Global Development Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7148-7686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Development Policy Center, Boston University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Studies and Department of Global Development Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067977124","display_name":"Rachel Denae Thrasher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-075X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-075X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Thrasher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Development Policy Center, Boston University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Development Policy Center, Boston University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"B. Alexander Simmons","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Alexander Simmons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA","Global Development Policy Center, Boston University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Development Policy Center, Boston University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014968002","display_name":"Kevin P. Gallagher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-2683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-2683","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0638-2578","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2714-7841"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin P. Gallagher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Development Policy Center, Boston University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Development Policy Center, Boston University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049102115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94345918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"1197","last_page":"1212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13758","display_name":"Energy Law and Policy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investor-state-dispute-settlement","display_name":"investor-state dispute settlement","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/just-energy-transition","display_name":"just energy transition","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-charter-treaty","display_name":"Energy Charter Treaty","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-and-gas-investment","display_name":"oil and gas investment","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-investment-agreements","display_name":"investment treaties","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-side-climate-policy","display_name":"supply-side climate policy","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-finance","display_name":"climate finance","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.43299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131569","display_name":"Treaty","level":2,"score":0.7593569755554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6258160471916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777246536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671773","display_name":"Bilateral investment treaty","level":4,"score":0.4480833411216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.43297138810157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778211233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2690355","display_name":"Investor-state dispute settlement","level":4,"score":0.41251420974731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4086613655090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3473719358444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.24643030762672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2069583535194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992823438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"International investment","level":3,"score":0.17937734723091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11247286200523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/14693062.2022.2153102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2153102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2153102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113876312","display_name":"Climate Policy","issn_l":"1469-3062","issn":["1469-3062","1752-7457"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Climate Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tcpoxx:v:23:y:2023:i:9:p:1197-1212","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14693062.2022.2153102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306189","display_name":"Open Society Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/00qnfvz68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308895","display_name":"Rockefeller Brothers Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/048cvv935"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560889174","https://openalex.org/W2077775202","https://openalex.org/W2114456601","https://openalex.org/W2235261064","https://openalex.org/W2302373232","https://openalex.org/W2307997255","https://openalex.org/W2601890454","https://openalex.org/W2745968198","https://openalex.org/W2777227462","https://openalex.org/W2790417541","https://openalex.org/W2887312859","https://openalex.org/W2901328354","https://openalex.org/W2908235002","https://openalex.org/W2921106966","https://openalex.org/W2953819112","https://openalex.org/W2955574889","https://openalex.org/W2971351197","https://openalex.org/W3003318779","https://openalex.org/W3024258820","https://openalex.org/W3030033797","https://openalex.org/W3037300704","https://openalex.org/W3042980985","https://openalex.org/W3081969240","https://openalex.org/W3084473276","https://openalex.org/W3092991605","https://openalex.org/W3120093179","https://openalex.org/W3152797511","https://openalex.org/W3157126498","https://openalex.org/W3160860426","https://openalex.org/W3162028184","https://openalex.org/W3163359887","https://openalex.org/W3197491055","https://openalex.org/W3199497631","https://openalex.org/W3201939311","https://openalex.org/W3203825808","https://openalex.org/W3205905485","https://openalex.org/W3216798413","https://openalex.org/W4229007583","https://openalex.org/W4238775734","https://openalex.org/W4280511374","https://openalex.org/W4283312261","https://openalex.org/W4311557503","https://openalex.org/W4311620394","https://openalex.org/W6669666594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6941413957","https://openalex.org/W2777227462","https://openalex.org/W3133759818","https://openalex.org/W4409401057","https://openalex.org/W6988090030","https://openalex.org/W4389235455","https://openalex.org/W7169872314","https://openalex.org/W6922662045","https://openalex.org/W6960581915","https://openalex.org/W4411245766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Governments":[0],"that":[1,93,212,218,264,339],"revoke":[2],"licenses":[3],"and":[4,16,66,75,88,99,115,118,125,197,207,227,270,285,293,324,330],"permits":[5,320],"or":[6],"take":[7],"other":[8,290],"measures":[9,65],"to":[10,56,132,222,298,304,333,343],"restrict":[11],"the":[12,85,94,110,141,147,164,167,190,205,214,274,306,311,335],"development":[13],"of":[14,81,97,109,113,151,161,166,192,216,261,313,337],"oil":[15,87,117,196,284,323],"gas":[17,89,119,198,228,286,325],"in":[18,40,84,123,154,170,241,273],"their":[19],"territory":[20],"will":[21,173],"face":[22],"claims":[23,255],"from":[24,71],"investors":[25,29,229],"for":[26,36,175,195,237,267,321],"compensation.":[27],"When":[28],"are":[30,54,121,308],"foreign,":[31],"they":[32,47],"can":[33,219,234,340],"seek":[34],"compensation":[35,217,236,338],"\u2018lost":[37,238],"future":[38,239],"profits\u2019":[39,240],"investor-state":[41,242],"dispute":[42,243],"settlement":[43,244],"(ISDS),":[44],"even":[45],"if":[46],"had":[48],"not":[49],"commenced":[50],"production.":[51],"ISDS":[52,183,314],"cases":[53],"likely":[55],"obstruct":[57],"a":[58,79,258],"just":[59],"transition":[60],"by":[61,231],"chilling":[62],"supply-side":[63],"climate":[64,72,133,253,268,300],"diverting":[67],"public":[68,262],"funds":[69],"away":[70],"change":[73],"mitigation":[74,269],"adaptation":[76],"efforts.":[77],"Using":[78],"dataset":[80],"ISDS-protected":[82],"assets":[83,120,168,287],"upstream":[86,283],"sector,":[90],"we":[91],"demonstrate":[92],"global":[95],"distribution":[96],"legal":[98],"financial":[100],"risks":[101],"is":[102,140,265,294],"highly":[103,130],"unjust.":[104],"More":[105],"than":[106,288],"two":[107],"thirds":[108],"net-present":[111],"value":[112],"1.5\u00b0C-incompatible":[114],"treaty-protected":[116],"found":[122],"low-":[124],"middle-income":[126],"countries,":[127],"including":[128],"those":[129],"vulnerable":[131],"change.":[134],"The":[135],"Energy":[136,277],"Charter":[137,278],"Treaty":[138,279],"(ECT)":[139,280],"most":[142],"significant":[143,259],"single":[144,291],"treaty":[145,292,307],"obstructing":[146],"transition.":[148],"While":[149],"protection":[150,165],"fossil":[152],"fuels":[153],"some":[155],"countries":[156],"may":[157],"soon":[158],"be":[159,220,341],"phased-out":[160],"this":[162],"treaty,":[163],"identified":[169],"our":[171],"study":[172],"remain":[174],"at":[176],"least":[177],"ten":[178],"more":[179,282],"years.":[180],"To":[181],"limit":[182,310],"risk,":[184],"states":[185,316],"should:":[186],"(1)":[187],"immediately":[188],"cease":[189],"issuance":[191],"new":[193,322],"permits/leases":[194],"developments;":[199],"(2)":[200],"terminate":[201,327],"investment":[202,232,328],"treaties":[203,233,329],"(including":[204],"ECT)":[206],"(3)":[208],"develop":[209,331],"binding":[210],"rules":[211,332],"cap":[213,334],"amount":[215,260,336],"awarded":[221,342],"investors.Key":[223],"policy":[224],"insights":[225],"Oil":[226],"protected":[230],"claim":[235],"(ISDS)":[245],"when":[246],"governments":[247],"impose":[248],"limits":[249],"on":[250],"production":[251],"(supply-side":[252],"policy).ISDS":[254],"could":[256],"absorb":[257],"finance":[263],"needed":[266],"adaptation,":[271],"particularly":[272],"Global":[275],"South.The":[276],"protects":[281],"any":[289],"already":[295],"being":[296],"used":[297],"challenge":[299],"action;":[301],"recent":[302],"efforts":[303],"modernize":[305],"insufficient.To":[309],"risk":[312],"claims,":[315],"should":[317],"stop":[318],"issuing":[319],"projects,":[326],"investors.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2022-12-27T00:00:00"}
